Idealistic vs. materialistic motivation Essay

Both the Americans and the British fought in a more open order with more significant gaps than was the norm in Europe because the general absence of cavalry made the infantry less vulnerable to attack, while the enclosed nature of much of the terrain encouraged deployments that reflected the topography. Heavily-encumbered regular units, maneuvering and fighting in their accustomed formations, were vulnerable in the face of entrenched positions and unsuited to the heavily wooded and hilly terrain of the Canadian frontier; they were also not ideal for the vast expanses of the South. Artillery and fortifications played a smaller role than in conflict in Western Europe. Compared to the armies of Frederick the Great, both the American s and their opponents were lightly gunned. The Americans did not inherit a significant artillery park, while, for both sides, the distances of America and the nature of communications discouraged a reliance on cannon; they were relatively slow to move. As a result, although cannon played a role in battles such as Monmouth Court House, battles were not characterized by the efficient exchanges of concentrated and sustained artillery fire seen in Europe. This benefited the Americans as the British had greater access to artillery, and had used it with considerable success in European campaigns in the Seven Year’s War (French and Indian War). The motivation was more materialistic. We were actually able to unify and motivate these groups even through their separate motivators were so different. But they weren’t mutually exclusive. Today in the United States, we have two kinds of motivators going on at an indigenous level: one is a unification of the population against terrorism, and the other is the preservation of the â€Å"American way. † What we’re trying to motivate ourselves to do – as the nation focuses on the preservation of the American way – is to preserve democracy and the free enterprise system. This two-rack motivator encompasses the right to be free from fear on a daily basis and the right not to have your property destroyed by an enemy force. References: Black, J. (2002). America As a Military Power: From the American Revolution to the Civil War. New York: Praeger/Greenwood.

Media Bias And The Media - 1365 Words

Media Bias In today’s society, remaining connected and knowledgeable of current events and the newest trends is vital to staying ahead in business, education, and social standing. This information is supplied to everyone through the internet, newspapers, television, and radio. One can tune into stations such as CNN, NBC, Fox News, Al-Jazeera, and many others (â€Å"SQs of Media Outlets†). In order to meet the needs of viewers, readers, and listeners, the ideal media system would contain accurate, quick information, with a purely impartial view on the facts as they are known. However, this modern media system has not maintained an objective view, pushing opinionated and slanted reporting onto the population in order to create profit and gain customers. The exploitation of information media for personal gain has created a toxic and inaccurate present, constant in today’s society. To understand what state the modern media system is in, one must firmly understand what bias is. Media bias is present â€Å"when a political belief or commercial interest distorts the level of reporting† (â€Å"Media Bias† 1). If a political station provides positive or accurate information to only one side, then the station can be considered biased. Another form of bias is known as sensationalism. Sensationalism is the creation of panic or fear by over-reporting or over-inflating individual news stories, often blurring facts or reporting speculation as facts. A modern and familiar example of mediaShow MoreRelatedMedia Bias In The Media1474 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout America’s infantile years, the media solely consisted of the printing press, but as a result of industrialization, commercialization, and professionalization, it now extends into the world of technology, reaching far more Americans than ever before. Media can be defined as collective outlets f or mass communication. In today’s society, massive amounts of media are consumed in a plethora of forms: newspapers, magazines, television, Internet, and social media. The 2007 U.S. Census Bureau s StatisticalRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media980 Words   |  4 PagesChurchill The â€Å"roots† of bias in the media date back to the nineteenth century, and criticism about bias partly reflects a controversial idea about what exactly is the media’s role and purpose. Newspapers and television alike are suppose to exist to relay objective, factual information gathered and communicated by journalists and reporters. By definition according to wikipedia, media bias is bias or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of eventsRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1042 Words   |  5 Pagesor the method for reporting them is termed as Media Bias. It is some of the time said that media tailor the news and as opposed to introducing the truths it shows different purposes of perspectives and sentiments. Media inclination is pervasive or broad and it defies the guidelines of news-casting. Media Bias is seen in just about all the nations on the planet and the bearing and level of its effect differs. Some of the time the impediments of media may likewise be translated as inclination. SuchRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1531 Words   |  7 PagesPeople who perceive media bias will factor in the news source when they attempt to formulate opinions of ideological bias in the news content. This idea is called the hostile media phenomenon or hostile media effect. In a groundbreaking study in 1985, researchers, Vallone, Ross, and Lepper, postulated that when there is a controversial issue, a partisan is more likely to perceive bias against their viewpoint, even if the information is coming from an objective news source. The causes effects of theRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1353 Words   |  6 PagesMedia has been playing a significant role in our daily lives by developing our personalities, enriching our knowledge and providing us with different sorts of information. It has a tremendous power in framing cultural guidelines and shaping political dissertation. If the information pr ovided to the U.S. citizens is distorted, then they cannot make informed decisions on the matters of public policy. Thus, it becomes vital to the American democracy that the news media and its institutions remain unbiasedRead MoreMedia Bias And The Media1402 Words   |  6 PagesMedia has become an integral part of the lives of both Americans and people all around the world. It has its influences on different aspects of a person’s aspect on life. Many political analysts have looked at the influence of media on elections, especially as the media has become more prominent in the world. With technology becoming more and more a n integral part of the daily life of a person, this subject will become that much more relevant. We live in a time where almost every person in the developingRead MoreThe Bias Of The Media1317 Words   |  6 Pages There is no getting away from the fact that the media is biased it is just which side of the aisle that they are biased to that I believe is the main question that needs to be answered. The progressive liberal side screams bias whiles the conservative army also scream bias so is there really bias in the media. I will take a look at the mass media most specifically cable news and syndicated talk shows to prove the point that bias in the media is more a myth that the leaders of each side preachesRead MoreThe Bias Of Media Bias1820 Words   |  8 PagesI. Introduction While there have been several studies on how people perceive media bias, few have been conducted to determine how to combat incorrect identification of media bias. To combat this lack of knowledge, we created an experiment to determine if gaining knowledge about media bias through two different treatments enables people to identify, rather than perceive, media bias. The first treatment is a list of tenants that the liberal and conservative ideologies maintain on specific issues.Read MoreMedia Bias2516 Words   |  11 Pagesthat plagues us everyday without us even realizing it is media bias. We see it in the news. We see it on our favorite sitcoms. We read it everyday in the paper. Yet, we really dont recognize it when we hear it or see it. Media bias is evident in every aspect of the media, yet the problem is that we dont even recognize it when it is right in front of our faces. Are the impressions that we form about individuals a product of the media? Do we form certain opinions about particular types of peopleRead More Media Power and Media Bias Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages The powerful media barons have always altered broadcasts to achieve their personal or corporate agenda. What purpose does the media serve now? Measuring Bias on Television by Barrie Gunter has elaborated on the idea that news was originally set up to act as a nati onal tool to stir thoughts. But is it? No! Is the media even enlightening the public now? After careful speculation of mass media and the communication world, I am under the impression that broadcasts have been used to entertain, frighten

College Is The End Goal Of A High Standard Individual Essay

Carolyn Joseph Ms. Milliner EES21QH- 09/21/16 Every person has a path or course they follow, the steps to the direction it takes is instrumental to the details of your future, positive or negative. College is the end goal of a high standard individual who wants to succeed in life and get a good job, according to society. There are certain factors that could influence the average person to go and not go to college, the extent of skills and experience, standard benefits, wages and stability . In my personal experience-- as a high school senior, family s experience,college attenders experience, and my personal life interest and options of my interest are my reasons for attending college ; impactful to my reasons to my statements are: readings of articles, and the new york times articles and others experience of the college process ; as disclosed in interviews. Research on your interest or occupation is mandatory if you are planning your future movements. Your research have components that have of the ever mobile society we a re in. Improvements and revisements to the workforce are changing in numbers from years ago compared to now. In the article’ Graduates’ pay is slipping, but still outpaces’, author Tyler Cowen statically states, †Thirty years ago, college graduates made 40 percent more than high school graduates, but now the gap is about 83 percent. Even a cashier with a college degree makes more than a cashier without a college degree†. This statement fromShow MoreRelatedEssay On No Child Left Behind928 Words   |  4 Pageswere several effects in the way schools teaching their students. this also affected what tests the students had to take and the teachers training. This also addressed the way schools and their districts were going to spend their monetary funds. The goal of this act was to provide educators assistance in planning and implementing programs that were designed to close the achievement gap between disadvantaged students and their peers. Accountabilit y, choice, flexibility, and methodology were the fourRead MoreHigh School Students : Common Core And College And Career Readiness1706 Words   |  7 PagesHispanic high school graduates exposed to two different curriculums: Common Core and College and Career Readiness The Race to the Top program has spearheaded many highs school to purse programs that increase students completion of college from 40 to 60 percent within 16 years of their induction into the public education system (Transforming American Education: Learning Powered by Technology, n.d.). The government’s plan is the faster the student completes their higher education, the faster theyRead MoreThe Importance Of College Education836 Words   |  4 Pagesis a social expectation that everyone pursues a college education. In Is College for Everyone author Pharinet makes his main argument there are too many students enrolled in school who simply dont belong there (680). There is a major issue of students going to college unprepared and end up either dropping out or struggling desperately. Societys focus on education and making satisfactory grades can result in an excess of people pursuing a college education who should not. The truth of the matterRead MoreOverview of Common Core Stat e Standards1226 Words   |  5 PagesCOMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS INITIATIVE OVERVIEW The Common Core State Standards Initiative is an education initiative sponsored by the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO). The primary goal is to achieve consistent content standards across the entire nation in order to ensure students are better prepared to enter colleges and universities states as well and/or enter the workforce (Common Core State Standards 2014). In the 1990s, a movementRead MoreApproaching Instruction With Clear Instructional Goals,1294 Words   |  6 PagesApproaching instruction with clear instructional goals, or to borrow a phrase popularized by Stephen Covey, beginning with the end in mind, not only makes intuitive sense but is well supported by research. In his 35 years of meta-analysis on research in education, Robert Marzano (2003) identifies a guaranteed and viable curriculum as one of 11 factors with a proven track record of increasing student achievement. Marzano (2003) defines a guaranteed and viable curriculum as one in which Clear guidanceRead MoreEssay Motivation behind Choosing a Career Direction1384 Words   |  6 Pages The society has established the way an individual chooses their career path. Selecting a career is a big opportunity, set forth to help people. Each person has worked or still is working through the ranks of education. People focus on the obstacle of college, and the choice to graduate with a degree in a particular field of study. Careers do not just occur overnight, it requires time. People have planned out their career path since the beginning. To them it is really important because it determinesRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Vermont State Board Of Education1318 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Today, many states and schools systems are adopting a standards based education system. In fact, according to Common Core Standards Initiative (2014), forty-three states, the District of Columbia, four territories, and the Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) have adopted the Common Core State Standards. The premise is that if all critical subject areas follow a standard from state to state, that all students will receive the same and fair education. The Vermont StateRead MoreEssay on Common Core State Standards and Its Impact on Curriculum 1641 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Core State Standards and Its Impact on Curriculum Introduction Common Core State Standards (CCSS) is a voluntary state led initiative that looks to establish clear expectations for learning in grades kindergarten through twelfth that are standard from state to state. The purpose of the standards is to make certain that there is uniformity in student proficiency and high school graduates have the know-how and ability needed for college and a competitive workforce in the twenty-first centuryRead MoreWhat Have Been The Political Responses Leading For Reading Reform? Have They Been Effective?1287 Words   |  6 Pagesineffective teaching practices. In order to improve student learning and education in literacy, President Clinton led the Goals 2000: Educate America Act. This act required any decisions concerning teaching literacy to be firmly grounded with research evidence. She pushed the development of a nations-wide testing program in reading and mathematics to evaluate whether or not goals were being reached across the United States. Around the same time, the NAEP released data showing a significant declineRead MoreMy Dream932 Words   |  4 Pageslife I have always dreamed of a moment. While dreaming of this moment I picture myself at the podium receiving my high school diploma. While doing this I take a deep breath and appreciate the moment. This moment consists of me looking into the crowd of respected elders and knowing I have my life figured out. In this dream I have a perfect understanding of what I will do for my college education, I know what I will do for my career, and I have made up in my mind what I want for my life. Looking

Beowulf Is The Hero Of All Heroes - 958 Words

I m writing about ancient heroes and whether or not they can be heroes at the present day time.im going to tell you about their pros as in good things about them and their cons as in bad things. I will also choose one modern day hero to come pare my ancient hero to and tell you where he from either a movie or a comic book. Beowulf is my ancient hero. I chose Beowulf because of all the qualities he has. Beowulf is the hero of all heroes’ he is strong, and courageous. He would risk his own life to save other people life s. He never back down to any person or thing and has never run any from a fight. He throws his self at danger to try to get rid of evil and look for people to help. In this day of age, I don t think he would be a good hero for a few reasons. Reason number one I think he is really too arrogant to throw his self at ever one problem thinking he is going to fix it. I personally think a hero should be asking them if they want your help before they make it worst. Or they can wait till they see someone in danger then throw yourself in the middle. Reason two I think he s arrogant will be the death of him because he think so mighty of his self. He will think he is unstoppable and that s where his demise will come from. Reason three he not that smart he more like a jock most heroes are usua lly smart and clever Beowulf isn t if he meant an evenly match villain he cloud loss fairly easy from how choices he make . Reason four is the way he dresses. TheShow MoreRelatedComparing Beowulf, The Wanderer, And The 13th Warrior1731 Words   |  7 Pagesis What is an epic hero? Or better yet an epic hero in Anglo Saxon culture. I believe there is more to being a hero than just being strong or intelligent. An epic hero in my eyes is oneself who comes to portray the beliefs of the society in which the tale/story is depicted. A few great examples of the Anglo Saxon epic hero are the literary characters in Beowulf, The Wanderer, and The 13th Warrior. These are all outstanding examples of Anglo-Saxon epic heroes because they all came to show the evidentRead MoreThe Similarities And Differences Of Beowulf And Robin Hood749 Words   |  3 PagesHero. A simple word with tremendous meaning. Every person on this Earth is aware of what a hero is and can even list a few off the top of thei r head. Heroes come in all shapes, sizes, eras and beliefs and are an essential part of human culture. When going ‘back in time’ to an Anglo-Saxon hero like Beowulf or even hearing about a somewhat modern hero like Robin Hood in todays day and age, one can think of several key differences and similarities that the two heroes share. Heroes are a universal conceptRead MoreModern Hero vs. Anglo Saxon Hero Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesTodays modern day hero has similarities and differences than the Anglo-Saxon hero. The two heroes each have different values they believe in. Also, they are motivated to fight for different reasons. An Anglo-Saxon hero also fights differently than a modern day hero. An example of this comparison is Bono from the band U2 and Beowulf. Both modern day heroes, like Bono and Anglo-Saxon heroes, like Beowulf, try to improve their societies, but do it in different ways and for different reasons. Anglo-SaxonRead MoreThe Heroes Of Beowulf And Malcolm X991 Words   |  4 PagesNot every hero wears a cape or tights, nor do they all have superpowers. Being a hero does not mean you have to be a crime fighter or a warrior. Heroism comes with the good that you do, and helping people and wanting better for people are makes heroes. Heroism can range from big to small; a hero can makes someone’s day, or he or she can even make history. Heroes can be local or worldwide. A hero could even be someone an individual looks up to as a role model. Heroes do not have to be well known byRead MoreExamples Of Epic Heroes888 Words   |  4 Pageschanging impact on you? Perhaps a hero? There are many types of heroes including old heroes, New heroes, and heroes in stories. The best of the heroes are the epic heroes. Epic heroes are people who are admired for great achievements or affect a grand event. Beowulf is one of those well known epic heros that was a well known hero to the gates. He w as a warrior and showed characteristics such as loyalty, generosity, and bravery. These characteristics is which makes him a hero. He wants to help people andRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Literature1587 Words   |  7 Pagesfor bringing sin into the world. However, women played a key part for heroes in the literature of the Middle Ages. Women were used as a tool. They were put into the stories to give the hero a purpose. The women were made out to be damsels who need to be saved by the hero, or they were temptresses that the hero had to overcome. Overall, women in the British Middle Ages society and in the literature, were tools to help the heroes of their worlds achieve greatness. While social classes for nobles andRead MoreCharacteristics Of Gilgamesh1021 Words   |  5 Pages A hero can be anyone. A hero does not have to be a super hero that is on TV or in the movies. A hero can be anyone who is admired for his or her courage and outstanding achievements. A hero can be a parent , a family member, a friend, or even a doctor. A hero is a person who comes into another persons life to help and encourage the other person. The hero can have a significant effect on any person. They could have helped a person when he or she was having a hard time or they saved them from an accidentRead MoreDefinition Of A Modern Hero In Beowulf744 Words   |  3 Pagesthought heroes were, but is their definition of a hero the same as our own? A good example of an Anglo-Saxon hero is Beowulf, he travelled to Denmark with a group of warriors to fight a monster named Grendel that was terrorizing a city, he also killed Grendel’s mother and a dragon to save the people in the city. He may seem like a modern hero, he’s saving the people in danger, he shows leadership, and has the bravery to do so, but there are distinct differences between the Anglo-Saxon hero and a modernRead MoreHeroes Are The People In The Society That We Admire For1048 Words   |  5 PagesHeroes are the people in the society that we admire for or venerated for the courage they portray, noble qualities, and the outstanding achievements associated with them. In every community, anyone who attains the hero status, he/she creates ideals and ideas that the community creates and strives for. Heroes are individuals who assist in shaping the culture of the community they are associated with in the literature, the community also shapes the heroes too. The motivation and zeal of the heroesRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesthe traits that the heroes exude. Both Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct sim ilarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature

Dna Replication Essay Example For Students

Dna Replication Essay DNA replication is a complex cellular function that is necessary in order to sustain life and achieve growth. Many enzymes, proteins, and other molecules work together to ensure that genetic information is replicated efficiently, quickly, and accurately. Without any one of these components, replication would be very limited in its efficacy. DNA is comprised of two strands of complementary nitrogenous bases (adenine thymine, guanine cytosine), five-carbon sugars (either ribose or deoxyribose), and phosphate groups. The strands of DNA are arranged in a double-helix array and are held together with hydrogen bonds. The semiconservative replication model is used to depict replication. In this model, each new double helix has one old strand and one new strand. This is yet another way in which accuracy is ensured. Because the shape of the DNA molecule is extremely important to its functionality, care must be taken to ensure that all parts of the molecule remain in their appropriate space during replication, and that no part of the strand is broken. To replicate DNA, the two strands must first be separated from one another. The first enzyme used in this process is called helicase. Helicases use the energy from ATP molecules to unwind the three-dimensional double helix. While the strand is unwinding, topoisomerase enzymes (suc h as gyrase) prevent the strands from being winded into a supercoil due to the torque produced by the separating action. Since each strand is comprised of complementary base pairs that have a high affinity to hydrogen-bond with one another, single-stranded binding proteins (SSBs) are attached to the strands to keep them from reattaching to one another. Once the strands are separated, work can begin to construct two new complementary strands that will ultimately attach to the existing DNA strands to form new complete DNA sequences. DNA polymerase III is the active enzyme that builds the new complementary strands. DNA polymerase III is a DNA-dependent enzyme. As such, a template (the existing separated strand) must be present to generate the new strand. DNA polymerase III requires a primer to begin its action. The primer used is a short RNA sequence with a 3 hydroxyl group that is formed by an enzyme known as primase. This primer is usually about ten nucleotides in length and is compl ementary to the existing DNA strand. DNA polymerase always works in the same direction: from the 5 end to the 3 end. Since DNA polymerase III always works in the 5 to 3 direction, and DNA strands are complementary, this gives rise to a few minor issues that must be dealt with. The strand in which DNA polymerase can move in the same direction as gyrase (with the replication fork) is known as the leading strand. As the strand is unwound, DNA polymerase III can easily begin to replicate the strand, as the replication fork is already moving in the 5 to 3 direction. The complementary strand is known as the lagging strand. The replication fork is necessarily moving in the 3 to 5 direction on this strand. On this strand, numerous primer sequences are inserted so that the DNA polymerase III can backtrack to build the new sequence as the strand is unwound. The DNA sequences between these primers, which are 1000 to 2000 nucleotides long, are known as Okazaki fragments. Once DNA polymerase III has replicated the fragments, the need arises to remove the RNA primer sequences and fuse the portions of the new strand together. The first critical enzyme used to do this is known as DNA polymerase I. This enzyme removes the primer sequence with the crucial 3 hydroxyl group and synthesizes complementary DNA to fill in the gaps left by the primers. After this is completed, yet another enzyme known as ligase is used to join the fragments. This enzyme works by forming a phosphodiester bond between the 3 hydroxyl of the new strand and the 5 phosphate group found on the Okazaki fragment. Using each enzyme to perform a specific function, DNA is successfully replicated. .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 , .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .postImageUrl , .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 , .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:hover , .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:visited , .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:active { border:0!important; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:active , .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871 .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u82d19eb9af28104a66d53e6904822871:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Schizoid Personality Essay Science Essays

Abigail Williams Questions free essay sample

Abigail Williams used her manipulative skills to get her way and create hysteria in the town of Salem. 1. Why did Abigail flee Salem? She knows soon she will be questioned for the death of Goody Nurse and John 2. Why does Abigail admit to witchcraft? She knows she can get rid of her enemies by blaming them for witchcraft too 3. How is Abigail a hypocrite? She says she loves god in act 1 but she fuels the witch trials and is seen like a devil-like character 4. Why did Abigail want the charm to hurt Elizabeth Proctor? She wanted to have John to herself 5. How is Abigail related to Parris? She is he the niece 6. How did Abigail blame Elizabeth Proctor for poppet? She sticks a needle in herself and says Elizabeth used witchcraft with the doll 7. Why does Abigail think she is a woman and not a kid? Because of her affair with John 8. We will write a custom essay sample on Abigail Williams Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why does Abigail do witchcraft? To get back the love of John 9. How is Abigail manipulative in the crucible? Since she is a child she is good at acting like she is innocent 10. How is Abigail selfish? She wanted John all to herself and will do anything to get him 11. How does Abigail change in the story? She acts like a innocent girl but turns into a evil and manipulative girl and then becomes a thief 12. Why does Abigail accuse others for witchcraft? She knew if she accused others she could get out of being blamed 13. Why does Abigail accuse Tituba for what happened in the woods? She is afraid to confess to her sins, her reputation is already ruined because of the affair 14. How does Abigail trick Danforth? She says there is a yellow bird but he can’t see it so he thinks she is possessed 15. Why does Abigail hate Elizabeth? Elizabeth kicked her out so no one else wanted to hire her because of the incident. How does Abigail use her manipulative skills? To what end does she use them and why does she use them in that way? How do they bring about the hysteria in Salem?

Marketing Mix for a Clothing Store free essay sample

As a clothing store which is focusing on local designed and European designed clothes, our products are going to be high-end, fashionable, green and unique. ?First, because the trend of   develops very fast, we want to encourage our designers to consider using green dressing materials or put some elements of eco-awareness in their creations. At the same time, we are going to use Environmental protection shopping bag in our business and use green materials to decorate our store. ?Second, the elements of FASHION are the main selling point for us. We are going to collect some latest designed creations from local designers in Vancouver or European cities. However, we know there are not all fashion design can be dressed everyday, so we want to pick the most feasible designs to produce, on the other hand, we also provide some photos and introduction for the designs that we didn’t pick, then customers can customize the cloth they want and we can provide the order process and delivery services for them, this is another way to make profit and save the total cost of goods for us. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix for a Clothing Store or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Third, because we want to emphasize the uniqueness of our products, then we are not going to mass-produce the design we pick. We want to make sure there is only several numbers of clothes in same design but different sizes. Because our design are latest and local young designer’s creations are not popular than famous designer’s, we want every cloth we sold has its designer’s own style, then we can maintain the uniqueness of our products. ?Forth, because we are going to sold unique, fashionable and green products to customers, these products should be high-end and have a good quality. PRICE Because our products are high-end and comparatively unique than other stores, our prices of product are going to be higher than common clothing stores. However, our products are not luxuries because we want the middle class family can afford the clothes, shoes and accessories that we provide to them. ?For the products we sold in local store: we want to double the price than the products in GAP or other popular clothing stores. ?For the customized products: we need to calculate the total amount of cost of ordering, production and delivery. We estimate the price of these products should be twice higher than our usual products. (I just guess this price thing, you guys decide it†¦. ) PROMOTION Because our main selling point is â€Å"local†, so our promotion strategy should focus on local market. ?We want to promote our store through local newspaper but the space of our advertisement in newspaper should not be too big. Consider of the cost of advertisement and the segment of market we pick, we need a moderate size but cool advertisement to match up to our store. We also want to exhibit our products or the latest fashion design to the local markets. So, we want to hold a launch party to exhibit these designs softly to potential customers. Not only when the store is opening, but we want to hold this kind of party seasonal. We can also invite the designers and VIP customers come to our party to communicate with each other. We think these parties can increase the brand loyalty and increase the times of exposure. ?W e also want to sponsor local match of fashion design when we have enough capitals. It is a good way to advertise our brand and make a good relationship with potential talent designers. PEOPLE Our target segment of clothing market is the people around 25-40 years old and have a higher than moderate income in each month. These people, rather than older people, buy cloth base on its design or whether it is popular, they like to spent hundreds of dollar to purchase some unique and fashion clothes and have a ability to afford their high-end taste. Indeed, rich people see these fashion clothes and their high prices as the symbol of their status and they let themselves to become the most profitable targets in the fashion clothes market. PLACE We have two channels to distribute our products, one is the tangible local store in Granville Street and another one is the intangible internet web-site. ?The reason why we want to host a web-site is that along with the development of the online security technology and online business, people want to purchase cloth online if we can provide them a more onvenient way to shopping. But, we must provide the pictures of products with high pixels and clear introductions of products and designers. ?For our local store, we want to set up a place with cool and modern internal design and can provide a soft environment to customers. In the store, we are going to play some local music to emphasize our characteristic and target market. The reason why we choose the Granville Street is (†¦. i really n ot familiar with this†¦please adds sth†¦)

How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000

How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 What do bathrooms, bad breath, and stinky political candidates have in common? Apparently an ability to drive $100,000,000 in sales. Don’t believe me? It’s true. Those numbers come from video ads an agency called the Harmon Brothers  created for some brands that have great products- but deal with topics which can prove a bit tough for marketers. After all, marketing things like bathroom hygiene products and a candidate during an incendiary political season is no easy feat. However, the goal of marketing remains the same: content that converts an audience into advocates. Advocates into customers. And customers into raving evangelists who write us haikus. ^ You think I’m kidding about the poetry? Nope. Whether this content is a blog post, an ad, or an email campaign  makes no difference. What matters is the goal is always the same. The good news is the path to video marketing success can look more like the festival of colors  than suit-and-tie professionalism. And in this post we’re going to explore that path by diving deep into one of the aforementioned ads by the Harmon Brothers- whom I call the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ogilvys of irreverent video marketing.† Not only have their videos driven the aforementioned $100,000,000 in sales. But they also evoke uncommon responses from viewers. For example, when was the last time you saw people reacting like this to YouTube pre-roll ads? Or like this†¦ Or this†¦ Or my personal favorite Not bad, eh? Grab Your Free Video Script Writing Template Bundle Today, I’m going to show you how to write a video script patterned after the exact videos that inspired the above comments- and millions of purchases. You’re going to: See how you can get off to a painless start in your scriptwriting project with a free Microsoft Word video script template. Learn how to score the strength of your video script before you even shoot the first scene with our script scorecard tool. Get four annotated, line-by-line script samples of four hyper-successful ads with a script swipe file. Before you read on, grab your free kit with each of those free resources inside. You’ll definitely want to follow along, as we’ll be using them throughout the post. Got ‘em? Great. Now, let’s get in on this 💠©Ã‚  and crank out strings of killer marketing videos. How To Write A Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 (Free Kit)The 5 Conversion Levers of Video Marketing I’ve been a fan of the Harmon Brothers’ work for awhile now. So when I set out to write better video scripts, their work was top of mind. I studied their ads and transcribed their scripts line-by-line. I analyzed their structure, flow, and affect. Nerdy- but helpful. As I did this, five patterns emerged- which I call the Five Conversion Levers. (If you’ve ever studied sales or direct response copywriting,  some of the persuasion tactics, like social proof, will be familiar.) So let’s overview them, then analyze a video ad. Recommended Reading: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic These 5 Conversion Levers For Writing Video Scripts Are ... Pain and Promise Pain and promise clearly articulates your audience’s problem and then offers a compelling solution. (Hint: This will be a benefit your product or service.) This isn’t a revolutionary idea, but it is a great one-two punch. To use this lever well, focus on a â€Å"before/after† effect.Relate with your audience’s current experience, and then forecast what life will be like after your solution. This is also an excellent way to capitalize on searcher intent. This is a concept in keyword research where you’re inferring the problem a searcher is trying to solve via their search. Even if your video content is an ad, the hope is it will be shown with related content. Comparison Comparison just may be my favorite lever. This tactic uses the unsung heroes of marketing, metaphor and relatability, to do two things: Quickly connect with your audience Communicate your premise with them Another way to express this device is by using this formula: â€Å"It’s like [commonly understood topic] for [audience/problem]!† As an example, if I was writing a video script to advertise , I may say: â€Å"It’s like pressing the easy button for getting tons more traffic to your content!† Right away, the idea of Staples’ famous â€Å"Easy Button† is conjured and then applied to the problem my audience is trying to solve. Then, I can use the rest of the devices to substantiate this claim As another example, if I was promoting our Marketing Strategy Certification  for one of our courses, I could say: â€Å"It’s like Shark Tank for marketers!† Okay, I’d better stop. I really like these. Authority Authority is tried-and-true. And it makes the list because it works. The idea is appealing to an authority of some kind to further legitimize or prove your claims. Sort of a, â€Å"Don’t believe me? Well, Albert Einstein said it first!† The legitimate authorities to appeal to are: experts, contextualized data to tell a story, social proof, testimonials, and demonstration. (Note: If you’re a persuasion nerd, understand this is unlike the logical fallacy of appealing to authority.)‘Nuff said 👊 Entertainment Here’s the thing†¦ Yes your company’s bottom line is serious business. However, people like to have fun- even in so-called boring verticals. So if you can find and harness your product’s or service’s â€Å"fun† factor, you’re leagues ahead of the competition.This is a risk. But if you nail it, it can pay dividends. However, what if humor or high-energy vibes are wrong for your product or brand?For instance, what if you run marketing for a home security company?I don’t know about you, but I’m interested in a home security system that seriously works! I don’t need it to entertain me. So, if this is your product, service, or brand the portable concept is engaging. What’s the angle that will engross your audience? A great way to think about this is in a movie-genre paradigm. Not every movie is a comedy. We have dramas, thrillers, action movies, and the list goes on.No genre is outright better than the other. Instead, it’s about the story.So whether humor is the right move or not, discern the engrossing elements of your product or service, then bring it to the surface. Call-to-action (CTA) Yep- it’s the same â€Å"CTA† you always hear about. But, it’s too important to exclude and take for granted.No matter how elementary it may seem, a clear CTA is a fundamental component to a successful script.Though, we’ll tackle this common marketing trope from a different angle than business-as-usual. The five conversion levers you need to know for #video #marketing success are ...How To Write A Video Script Using The 5 Conversion Levers In the section below, we’re going to analyze and score one of the Harmon Brothers’ most popular ads. This way, we can see each conversion lever at work. Then we’ll discuss how we can use them in our video marketing, too. Now saddle up and make sure you’re in a place where you can LOL†¦ Because these ads are as hilarious as they are brilliant. The Unicorn Of Marketing Videos As I said above, the Harmon Brothers’ video ads generated over $100,000,000 in sales- and that’s just in 2016! Numbers like that should make you quick to attune your marketing antennae and see what they’re doing that works so well. You’re going to find the video (watch it first!), some relevant stats, a script score with explanation, and a structural analysis. Then, we’ll uncover how we can follow suit and put the same methods to our madness†¦ Or maybe madness to our methods? Either way, let’s get rockin’. Squatty Potty: Everyone Loves A Bathroom Joke- Few Can Sell With Them We’re going to study the infamously funny ad for the Squatty Potty. Sure, I could describe the tricky product the agency was tasked with advertising. But I’ll let the unicorn do it instead 🠦„🠍 ¦Ã°Å¸Å'ˆ Let me start by saying this ad spawned a toy  people actually buy. I mean, c’mon. When faced with such a sensitive topic, it’d be easy default to the sterile, science-y route. It’d be safe to have a doctor in a labcoat talk through the benefits of gastrointestinal health whilst tossing up some facts and figures. But not these guys. They tackled this unmentionable issue head on- and to incredible results. In total, this video has garnered over 150,000,000 cross-channel views and a whopping 1,500,000 social shares. On YouTube alone it’s been watched the equivalent of 97 years and shared over 700,000 times. That’s incredible traction. Pro Tip:  You can see the stats of nearly any YouTube video by simply clicking on the â€Å"More† tab below the video, then selecting â€Å"Statistics.† This will generate a chart like the one above. Check it out: Now, let’s demystify some of the magic that makes this video work. We’ll start with their script score. Conversion-Levers Script Scorecard Pain + Promise Score: 5 They continually highlighted the viewer’s current problem, then clearly articulated their product as the easy, breezy, and inexpensive solution. One of the clearest examples is the use of â€Å"before/after.† Or as the good prince says: â€Å"Kink, unkink. Kink, unkink.† At the 1:20 mark, they show a side-by-side with the viewer’s current pain displayed on the left (before) and the solution displayed on the right (after). Comparison Score: 5 Their use of metaphor is superb. From the moment the video begins, the ice-cream-ejecting unicorn is assumes the position of the product’s user. This allows the viewer to see him- or herself using the product in a somewhat charming- rather than nasty- way. It’s a funny, memorable way to explain the product. This is one â€Å"sticky† ad. (Okay, no more puns.) In their book, Made to Stick, Chip and Dan Heath explain that for an idea (or ad) to stick: It must be easily understood when people hear it. The idea must persist over time and stay with them. And it must change something about how people think or act. This use of the comparison lever certainly accomplishes each. Authority Score: 5 They leveraged authority on four levels in this video: Demonstration Experts Social proof Testimonial Throughout the video, the unicorn is acting as an animated Vanna White  by showing how the product works. It’s a visual demonstration showing the â€Å"science† of why you can trust this product to work. Then, at the 1:53 mark, we see an appeal to experts who apparently endorse the product: Then, about 10 seconds later, we see an example of social proof: The product’s authority is consistently reinforced by credible sources. This is a powerful setup for the CTAs. Entertainment Score: 5 This is the most subjective criterion on this scorecard. However, if you can combine entertainment and  substance, you can crush humdrum competitors with ease. To me, this is the most entertaining ad I’ve ever seen. It tells a story, has a jaw-dropping shock value, and it’s just plain funny. This video harnesses the â€Å"fun† factor of their product. Yes, it solves a universally human problem. But to talk about- and illustrate- it with such cheekiness and charm is where this ad shines. And honestly, I will never forget this image. Ever. Yep. Ice cream will never be the same. Call-to-Action Score: 4 Finally, we have the marketing linchpin: the call-to-action. Without a solid CTA ads are pretty much worthless. In this video, they do a nice job of building up to the CTAs. Without a solid CTA, ads are pretty much worthless.As you’ll see in the structural analysis below, they have two explicit opportunities for the viewer to act. Each is clear, succinct, and compelling. Technically there is a lingering CTA with the â€Å"SquattyPotty.com† button hanging out in the upper-right of the video frame. To strengthen this score, I think they could have included a third, softer CTA that was a quip about price. Something like: â€Å"And $25 isn’t bad for something you use more than your toaster.† (Not great. But you get the point.) In all, though, I thought the two CTAs were solid and compelling. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Call to Action in a Template With 6 Examples Total Overall Score: 24/25 There we have it- a killer score for what will become a legendary marketing video. Structural Analysis Now, let’s take a look at the bones of this video and see where each lever is pulled and how they work together. We’ve broken down the video’s components into a timeline for quick analysis: The big moments are the â€Å"product introduction† and of course the CTAs. The product introduction is the moment when the product (or service) is first introduced. (^I know†¦ A bit obvious.) A couple of points here. First, notice the Squatty Potty itself was introduced roughly 30 percent into the video. It wasn’t explicitly talked about first thing. This is important. Instead, the first third of the video was dedicated to establishing the â€Å"sticky† metaphor and highlighting the viewer’s pain. This makes the video relevant and  relatable. Then, once the pain is clearly outlined, we’re set up with a classic marketing promise that boils down to: â€Å"But what if I told you there’s a better way!† Second, observe that the next 30 percent of the video is dedicated to digging even further into the viewer’s problems. When you read this video’s script (included in your kit inside the swipe file) it’s helpful to see the structure they employ. They walk through the product’s benefits  line-by-line, explicitly relating them to the viewer’s life as a solution to their problem. This is a powerful copywriting device  described  by Brian Clark, founder of Copyblogger, as: â€Å"One of the most repeated rules of compelling copy is to stress benefits, not features.† They adopt a â€Å"[Viewer’s pain] [Product’s benefit that solves this pain†¦]† schema. This way every benefit is given context within the viewer’s daily experience. (When you read the script, count how many couplets you find. Then ask yourself if you can tie your product/service’s benefits directly to your audience’s pain.) Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy to Boost Your New Series How To Write A Winning Video Script Here’s the kicker. It’s always easier said- or shown- than done, right? Trying to implement new tactics can feel like falling prey to a Pinterest fail. (Source: BoredPanda) So we’re going to walk through each resource in your kit and put these principles into practice. This way we hit everything from project management to implementing the conversion levers to getting ultra-inspired. How To Manage A Scriptwriting Project What do you call it when a blueprint and a military general have a baby? A script. Marketing videos can have quite a few steps and stages. But the lifeblood of any great advertisement is the script. It details exactly what’s going to be said, what it’s going to look and sound like, and how everything will keen in sync. This is where the free Word script template comes in. It’s the file named â€Å"Marketing_Video_Script_Template† in your kit. It looks like this: It’s divided vertically into two columns. The left-hand column is for visual direction such as graphics, cuts, and actions. The right-hand column is for the lines (narration, dialogue, etc.), music direction, and sound effects. Those are a lot of details to manage and keep lined up on paper. But by using a column-based approach, you can keep everything organized and in line. However, the most important part is nailing the content and execution of the project itself. So, I’m going to walk you through how to use to manage a scriptwriting project. The tools we will use are and Google Docs  (or Microsoft Word!). (Btw: snag a free trial  to to follow along if you don’t already have an account!) The lifeblood of any ad is the script.Getting Started The Easy Way When you’re writing a video marketing script, you’re creating much more than a blog post. You’re drafting a battle plan for an entire team to execute on. I’ve managed this process on everything from napkins to whiteboards to apps, but I’ll share my favorite way to do this and keep it within our entire content marketing environment. To begin, make sure you create a brand new project by clicking on the â€Å"+† icon after you’ve logged in to your calendar. Once you start a new project, you’ll be prompted to choose the content type. I like to think long-term on projects with multiple phases. So I’m going to create a new â€Å"Video† project. Even though we’ll be focusing on the script right now, this sets us up for fantastic social video promotion  and analytics  for campaign optimization later. Now we hop into the details. Give your project a title (our headline analyzer  hates me, in this example) and then we’ll start assigning tasks. Let’s say the first sprint of our scriptwriting project has five major steps we want to get moving on immediately: Ideation Storyboarding Drafting Scoring Revision To start, I’ll simply add each of those as a â€Å"Task† and then assign it a person and a due date. Automatically, the assignee will receive a notification they have work to do (and they’ll see the deadline, too). Now our script document (or your template) enters the picture. You will choose how to edit your script content. In this instance, I’m going to use Google Docs. Though you can use a Word Doc and share the file back-and-forth if you’d like. (Here are the directions  on how to convert the Word Doc template into a Google Doc.) I’ll choose â€Å"Google Docs† as the content editor. Then, I will see a dialog that asks me to choose the document. I selected the â€Å"Marketing_Video_Script_Template† document. This means that all of the writing, commenting, and editing can be done in that single document. The nifty part is that will keep all of the aspects of project, task, and document management in a single dashboard. So each time you need to access the working script file, simply click on the link in the content project. Then you can simply assign tasks to each additional team member who will be working on (or reviewing) the video script. Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way How To Score Your Script Now that you have the tracks laid, it’s time to get the train chugging along. Before you or a team member draft a word of your video script, open up the file from your free kit called the â€Å"Conversion_Levers_Script_Scoring_Tool.† This is the scorecard you’ll use to grade the strength of your script. It looks like this: However, instead of writing the script first and then scoring it, I recommend finding the angles for each of them first. In essence, treat each point as a question about your product or service and then answer it. Those answers will then provide the beginnings of an outline for you. By moving this phase to the beginning of your process, you’re mining the raw materials you need to write a masterful marketing script. Here’s how to do this. Structure each lever as a question about your audience, like this: Chances are, you can take this exercise much further for your specific audience than I just did. So use those questions as a jumping point. But when you have each lever accounted for, you can start pulling them! If you start here, it will catapult both the effectiveness and  efficiency of your scriptwriting process. And as a bonus, the best way to do this is to answer these questions as a team. Heck, why not use it as an excuse to get sales and marketing together and let the fireworks fly? Then, after you’ve written the first draft of your script, swoop in with your red pen and score your work. You’ll give yourself a grade of 1–5 for each lever. Then the genius-brain inside of Excel will automatically calculate your script’s overall score. To start, aim for a score of 4+ on each- and settle for nothing less than a score of 18+. The final benefit to this process is you’ll know exactly where your script is weak. This way you don’t face the problem of knowing your script stinks, but not knowing how to fix it! I’ve been there†¦ And it’s no fun :)

How can tourism promote urban economy of Tokyo Essay

How can tourism promote urban economy of Tokyo - Essay Example The analysis indicated, as many authors have also pointed out, that tourism creates massive economic impact on the city, yet, it also accompanies with it the cost especially on environment. While the number of tourists increases, the environment and social costs starts getting bigger as it can be seen from research, for example an increase in the number of crime cases in the society as well as the degree of pollution brought by massive tourist visiting Tokyo are the glaring examples of such ill effects. It is true that the tourism development tended to focus on the economic developments without considering the environment and social costs due to the difficulty of measuring such impacts and the limited information of those environment and social consequences. Economic impact can be measured at the time when tourists arrive in the country, but the environment and social impact can not be measured at the same time when tourist visits. Environment and social consequences will appear in a different way but is difficult to link the cause and effect because of its time lug. The effect will be apparent only after a while. As a conclusion, if the increasing number of tourist accompany with the cost, it can be recommended that increasing the duration of stay rather than increasing the number of tourist is the best option for Tokyo. It leads to the assumption that the same economic impact can be brought on the city minimising the environment and social costs on Tokyo. However, tourism is one of business which asks for profit, therefore this recommendation may not appear realistic. Yet for sustainable tourism development, it can be considered a necessity to re-reorganise the city attractions and to link tourism promotional policies with regional planning.

The Condition of U.S. Bridges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Condition of U.S. Bridges - Research Paper Example As a result of years of declining budgets with respect to bridge repair, it is estimated that only one in the ninth bridges are currently considered as â€Å"structurally deficient†. The underlying reason for the lack of funding that bridge repair has been able to affect over the past several years can be linked to various factors. One of the first factors that should be considered is with respect to declining overall revenue that gas taxes have been able to drive. As the cost of a gallon of gasoline has risen precipitously over the past 20 years the response by both federal and state government was to decrease the overall tax burden that was leveraged against this particular commodity. Naturally, the underlying goal for such an approach was to make the resource more affordable to the population; thereby increasing mobility and decreasing the overall rates of joblessness that the economy would otherwise experience. However, a downside to this approach was the fact that federal and state revenue that was earned on each and every gallon of fuel sold was not able to meet the same levels as it had during the 1980s and 1990s. As the reader can reasonably expect, the inability of revenue to keep up with the increased requirements of infrastructure repair created a situation in which a veritable avalanche of projects competed for repair by increasingly reduced levels of funding. Research into the current state of the nation’s bridges estimates that by 2025, fully  ¼ bridges will be over 65 years old.

Close Reading or Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Close Reading or Literary Analysis - Essay Example As an apostrophe, Donne is addressing an anthropomorphized Death and informs the character that it is not as powerful as some people make it out to be. The poem â€Å"demonstrates the impotence and the self-destructiveness of the antagonist† (Tromly 391). Donne begins the poem by directly addressing death, â€Å"Death be not proud,† and then admitting that some people might hold death in a revered place: â€Å"though some have called thee/ Mighty and dreadful† (1-2). Obviously, it is rather banal to have to point out the fact that the single event that all people that are alive cannot deter is that they will all die. There are no exceptions to this, and this is one of the few truisms that goes without anybody being able to form an argument against it. Considering this, the position that death is a powerful figure that is deserving of fear and respect seems like a difficult position to try to argue against. Of course, this would not have been a memorable or interesting poem if it had merely stated this obvious fact. The paradox that Donne creates is what makes this poem so well known. After informing death that it had nothing to be proud of, Donne then informs the character why this is the case: â€Å"For those, whom thou thinks’t, thou dost overthrow,/ Die not, poore death, nor yet canst thou kill me† (3-4). As Donne states, the people that death thinks it has killed were not actually killed by death. Beyond this, death also does not have the ability to kill the poet as well. Considering that the poet has been dead for centuries, Donne is obviously going to have to thoroughly explain why exactly this is true. Donne then begins to explain his reasons. First he states that death is not much difference in appearance from taking a nap: â€Å"From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee,/ Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow† (5-6). Following the reasoning that resting or sleeping reinvigorates people and make them more able to enjoy

Aesthetics and Sound of Japanese Horror Films 1990s-2000

Aesthetics and Sound of Japanese Horror Films 1990s-2000 Analyse the aesthetics and sound of Japanese horror films from late 1990s to early 2000s World Cinema is typically used to refer to films of non-English speaking countries and has a representation to take the least amount of dominance in popularity compared to the works of Hollywood cinema. However, since the evalutiton of cinema My critical analysis will be viewing the television programme as a representation of escapism from real life events by considering the ways in which media texts change our perspective on entertainment through the codes and conventions of narrative and genre.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   I will take the Waking Dead series and look at what drives the narrative forward in which the story, characters and sequence of events, is put together within the script. The effects of this will come in to play as I list the relative media theorists such as, Vladimir Propp and Barthes to gain a better understanding. The horror genre has been utilized especially in film as a way to startle viewers as its primary objective. Consistently, its most used ordered structure of a: beginning, middle and end can be argued as unsurprising. Over time, in order to bring in new audiences, the horror genre has been forced to adapt its context by perhaps a use of hybrids or a new type of subgenre to suit a particular need as well as continuing to scare and entertain. A case of this can been seen through an examination of the American horror film Scream (released in 1996) and Japanese Horror Ringu (1998) as noted, Hollywood horror films are generally overwhelmed by the slasher subgenre as it depends on gore and physical brutality while, the Japanese, utilized the mental or rather psychological subgenre that ordinarily include ghost, spirits and possession. As mainstream Ring seemed to be, it turned into the first western remake of a Japanese awfulness great, entitled: The Ring (2002), this made ready for some J-horror revamps that started a worldwide enthusiasm for the Japanese wide screen and culture now with the term J-horror turning into its very own category outside Japan.   In the past decade, few countries have received more attention from Hollywood than Japan. Indeed, its folkloric legends and eerie aesthetics have in many ways revolutionised the horror genre. This essay will look at the relationship between American and Japanese cinema and explore how the two countries overcame cultural differences in order to develop a successful horror film cycle. The first section will describe how American and Japanese cinema have influenced each other over the years. In the second part, the phenomenon of J-horror will be analysed in order to demonstrate how remakes have contributed to the Western understanding of Japanese horror films. Ultimately, the final section will look at the implications of this interrelationship in terms of the accessibility of Japanese films in Western culture, and the growing importance of transnational cinema. Although the recent embrace of J-horror by American filmmakers and audiences has received a great deal of media and critical attention, Hollywoods affinity for Japanese cinema is in no way a new phenomenon. In fact, both countries have influenced each other for many decades. This led to the 1917 version of his own film The Loyal Forty-Seven Ronin (Japan 1912). Incidentally, after many adaptations this film is now being remade for the American public as 47 Ronin (Carl Rinsch, USA 2012). Similarly, after the Second World War, some Japanese films began to attract the attention of the American audiences, particularly Gojira (Godzilla, Ishiro Honda, Japan 1954) which mirrored the apocalyptic cultural fears of the 1950s American science-fiction films, and Shichinin no Samurai (Seven Samurai, Akira Kurosawa, Japan 1954), a film that influenced a number of Hollywood adaptations. Interestingly, it was around this time, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, that anime became extremely popular in the Western culture (Napier 2005: 22). Writing about the global success of anime, Susan J. Napier points out that: Anime is indeed exotic to the West in that it is made in Japan, but the world of anime itself occupies its own space that is not necessarily coincident with that of Japan. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] It is thus a particularly apt candidate for participation in a transnational, stateless culture (2005: 24). The popularity and critical attention that anime has received introduced many Western viewers to Japanese cinema. It can then be suggested that this trend has opened a Japanese niche market in America, indirectly contributing to the introduction of what has come to be known as J-horror. This Hollywood take up of Japanese films which were strongly inspired by the American horror genre, constitutes an unprecedented example of the cross-fertilisation between Hollywood and Japanese cinema. At the turn of the century, as Steffen Hantke explains in his study of Japanese horror, America was in need of a new horror film cycle (2005: 54). Franchises like Halloween (John Carpenter, USA 1978) and Friday the 13th (Sean S. Cunningham, USA 1980) had countless remakes, and the industry would only produce horror films like Scream (Wes Craven, USA 1996) that were so filled with self-referential humour that the genre had lost its terrifying appeal. In 1998, the horror film Ringu (Hideo Nakata, Japan 1998) was extremely successful in Japan. Hollywood producers saw an opportunity for a return to a more gothic form of horror with an exotic twist. Gary G. Xu explains the appeal of the Japanese horror genre to Hollywood: There is a certain aura in Japanese ghost fiction and films, often filled with womens grudges against men who deserted or injured them. Unlike most ghost stories in the West that seek moments of shock and harmless thrills, the Japanese ghost stories tend to allow the aura to linger, to permeate, or to literally haunt the audience (2008: 192). In order to adapt the film successfully, the Japanese specificities of Ringu, such as the slow atmospheric pace and the compassion with wronged spirits were adapted for a more Western audience: more closure was added and the ghost became a manifestation of evil. The remake that followed, The Ring (Gore Verbinski, USA 2002) grossed $250 million worldwide (Xu 2008: 192), encouraging a franchise and numerous subsequent remakes of Japanese horror films. This enthusiasm has encouraged many Western horror fans to watch the original movies and to seek out more Japanese films. Consequently, scholars have questioned this new-found popularity, including the ways these films could translate to the common Western spectator. Indeed, the Japanese culture is known to be extremely rich and different from the Western one. Although Japan is a highly modernised country, traditional values remain that might not be understood by every Western viewer. One of these scholars, Ruth Goldberg, discusses two ways for audiences to read foreign films: in terms of cultural specificity or as acts of translation to foreign audiences (2004: 371). Similarly, Hantke quotes Masao Miyoshi who speaks in terms of domestication and neutralization (2005:62): To restore the accustomed equilibrium, Miyoshi writes, the reader either domesticates or neutralizes the exoticism of the text. The strategy for domestication is to exaggerate the familiar aspects of the text and thereby disperse its discreteness in the hegemonic sphere of first world literature, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the plan for neutralization [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] operates by distancing the menacing source, defusing its otherness with [s]uch pseudocomments as delicate, lyrical, or suggestive, if not illogical, impenetrable, or incoherent (Miyoshi quoted in Hantke 2005: 62). Simply put, the films cultural specificity can be either recognised by the viewer, dismissed as exotic, or they can be replaced altogether by a universal reading which makes the text more accessible when it does not lead to misinterpretations. For example, Ringu is culturally specific in the sense that is part of the Japanese kaidan (ghost story) genre which derives from the traditional plays of the Noh and Kabuki theatre (McRoy 2008: 6). As the writer of Ringu, Koji Suzuki explains, this folklore has a different perspective on ghosts than the Western tradition: In America and Europe most horror movies tell the story of the extermination of evil spirits. Japanese horror movies end with a suggestion that the spirit still remains at large. Thats because the Japanese dont regard spirits only as enemies, but as beings that co-exist with this world of ours (Suzuki quoted in Branston and Stafford 2006: 98). Furthermore, Ringu reveals national fears related to the increase of divorces and the new gender roles: nowadays, Japanese women often have careers and are no longer full time mothers. As Goldberg puts it, Ringu reflect[s] in microcosm the anxious tension between tradition and modernity that looms large in the nations sensibility (2004: 371). On the other hand, using Myoshis expression, the film can easily be domesticated by Western audiences: Nakata has named The Exorcist (William Friedkin, USA 1973) and Poltergeist (Tobe Hooper, USA 1982) amonghis influences (Branston and Stafford 2006: 98). Moreover, Ringu refers to the teen culture that is so common to the American horror film, comprises the typical final girl and the themes of technophobia and broken families that have populated cinema for the past two decades. In this way, it has been suggested that Nakata manages to strike a genuinely alarming balance between the cultural depths of Japanese folklore, and the surface sheen of l atter day teen culture (Kermode 2000). In adapting the film for Western viewers, Gore Verbinski ignored the Japanese cultural specificities and focused on fully domesticating the film. However, as the following will demonstrate, he preserved some memorable and eerie images from the original production which would become the markers of J-horror. Drawing its inspiration from A Nightmare on Elm Street (Wes Craven, USA 1984) and Friday the 13th(see McRoy 2005: 176),   Ju-On (Takashi Simizu, Japan 2002) is a similar hybrid between American horror classics and the kaidan tradition. When Simizu remade the film as The Grudge (Takashi Simizu, USA 2004) for an American audience, he filmed the ghost of Kayako in the same way as Sayakos in The Ring: a faceless head covered by long black hair that reveal only one eye. In imitating this successful film, it can be suggested that Simizu was constructing a deliberate relationship between the two films and, as such, conforming to Western expectations about a vengeful ghost in the Japanese horror film (Balmain 2008: 189). This new symbol of horror began to appear repeatedly not only in Japanese films like Honogurai Mizu no Soko Kara (Dark Water, Hideo Nakata, Japan 2002) but also in other East-Asian films like Janghwa, Hongryeon (A Tale of Two Sisters, Jee-woon Kim, Korea 2003). When p ut in its original linguistic and cultural context, the characteristic appearance of this spirit is understandable. Indeed, in Japanese, the term kurokami is a homonym meaning both black hair and black spirit. In addition, Jay McRoy describes the cultural significance of the hair and single eye: These physiological details carried a substantial cultural and aesthetic weight, as long black hair is often aligned in the Japanese popular imaginary with conceptualisations of feminine beauty and sensuality, and the image of the gazing female eye (or eyes) is frequently associated with vaginal imagery (2008: 6-7) Consequently, it only makes sense that a ghost with bad intentions, especially a beautiful woman that has been wronged and seeks revenge, would be represented with long black hair. By repeating this image across films, it was slowly converted into Western culture from a culturally specific symbol to an immediately recognisable piece of horror iconography. This image could very well have participated in making J-horror a cult phenomenon. On the other hand, this repetition was quickly starting to remind audiences of the overly repeated American horror franchises and raised criticisms, such as Grady Hendrixs, who has seen enough of the long-haired-dead-wet-chick (quoted in McRoy 2008: 173). The never-ending American remakes have also exasperated Japanese filmmakers like Ju-On director Simizu. In response, he released the short film Blonde Kaidan (Takashi Simizu, Japan 2004) which portrays a Japanese filmmaker haunted by a blonde spirit, parodying the obsession of American producers for interchangeable blonde heroines. The upside of this recurring visual trope is that it has helped popularise the Japanese horror film and positioned the genre into the mainstream. In fact, studying the American horror fans reception of J-horror, Matt Hills points out that: The remakes success is viewed positively, as providing a platform for the cult texts wider availability [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. Hollywood remakes are thus positioned as relatively inauthentic/inferior texts that nevertheless allow the cult original to move beyond its initial underground status, a shift that is embraced, as if culturally validating the fans love of Ringu et al (2005:164). With Japanese horror becoming a bigger part of popular culture, Western audiences encouraged the distribution of more violent and original Japanese horror films that often offer more thrills and depth than the popular likes of Saw (James Wan, USA 2004-2010) and Hostel (Eli Roth, USA 2005-2007). Indeed, as Jay McRoy puts it, these disturbing films offer visceral visions interlaced with a degree of stinging social satire rarely seen in works of Western horror directors (McRoy 2008: 10). For example, new cult films include the shocking social satire Batoru Rowaiaru (Battle Royale, Kinji Fukasaku, Japan 2000) and the disturbing and genre-bending Odishon (Audition, Takashi Miike, Japan 1999). As a result, it can be argued that the multiplicity and repetition of American remakes have familiarised their viewers with elements that used to be typically Japanese. Their cultural specificity has become more transparent, and in this way, they have come to transcend their original folkloric refere nces. The fact that genre films from distant cultures have nowadays become so accessible to popular understanding is a sign of the increased transnationalism of film culture. As Elizabeth Ezra and Terry Rowden explain: Without succumbing to the exoticizing representational practices of mainstream Hollywood films, transnational cinema which by definition has its own globalizing imperatives transcends the national as autonomous cultural particularity while respecting it as a powerful symbolic force. The category of the transnational allows us to recognize the hybridity of much new Hollywood cinema (2006: 2). This transnationalism is therefore characterised not only by the American remakes or re-interpretation of foreign films, but also by the ability of foreign films to represent universal issues and thereby transcend their cultural specificity. Ruth Goldberg, who is quoted above as saying that the Japanese horror film can be read as culturally specific or as an act of translations to foreign audiences, ultimately adds that a third possibility can be to use elements of both approaches (2004: 382). This more balanced mode of spectatorship could be referred to as the transnational reading. As suggested earlier, the cycle of Japanese remakes in America is very likely to have educated audiences to this broader reading of Japanese films. This worked to strengthen the foreign film market in the United States, a country that has been long renowned for its aversion to subtitles. In fact, not only did Hollywood never hide that their new cycle of horror films were remakes of Japanese movies, but t he viewings of the original versions were encouraged through cross promotion. For example, while discussing the special features on the DVD of the Hollywood remake The Ring, Chuck Tryon observes that the selection Look Here invites viewers to watch a trailer for the Japanese original, which was distributed in conjunction with the DVD version of the American remake (2009: 24). The remake, in this way, acted as a transition between American and Japanese horror. Interestingly, the advent of the DVD format proved to be fundamental not only to the popularity of Japanese horror, but to its transnational reading. Indeed, the availability of subtitles on DVDs makes it easier for people to acquire movies that are not available in their country or language. If the original Japanese versions are distributed in Western countries, the films are usually complemented with special features to allow a better understanding and reading of the cultural specificities. For instance, the 2 Disc Special Collectors Edition DVD of Ju-On offers a large number of special features including: interviews and commentaries with the director and a selection of actors, a Ju-On True Stories Featurettes and an Exclusive Feature-Length Audio Commentary with Asian Cinema Expert, Bey Logan. These features are included to educate the viewers in their transnational reading of the film, giving them a clearer understanding of the Japanese culture in order to approach the cultural s pecificities of the movie with an informed mind. In addition to the remakes and the transnational format that is the DVD, many Japanese films owe their success to the Internet. Indeed, this medium provides endless possibilities for film discoveries and international communication. One can, for instance, mention the emergence of the online grassroots participatory culture, which Henry Jenkins describes as a bottom-up consumer-driven process (2006: 18): consumers can now actively influence the production and distribution of films by highlighting the existence of niche markets. Other benefits of the Internet in terms of promoting transnational cinema are the unlimited availability of short films from all over the world, and the forums where international users are given the opportunity to discuss their opinions on films and share their interpretations. In this way, they encourage transnational readings of films along with the expansion of the foreign film market in America. Japanese films have inspired the American movie industry for decades. However, their films were always adapted for the Western culture and stripped of their deeper cultural meanings.   Apart from a handful of productions that became international classics like Godzilla and Seven Samourai, Japanese film culture remained quite obscure until the success of Japanese horror. A series of American remakes called attention to the existence of this genre that portrayed terrifying horror filled with deep significance: either specific to the Japanese culture or universal. Some factors such as DVD distribution, the Internet and active fan culture led to the increased distribution of these films in America, and strengthened viewers involvement in transnational film culture. Thus, through its multitude of adaptations and hiring of international filmmakers, Hollywood has become central to the crossover of cultural boundaries at a time of rapid globalisation.

Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers

Operations Management Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ... Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers Operations Management Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ...