Predictors of Medication Errors in Elderly in Nursing Homes Research Paper

Predictors of Medication Errors in Elderly in Nursing Homes - Research Paper Example The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (2011) explains that "A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer.† This means that medication errors do not only occur at the hands of medical professionals. In this essay, the writer review predictors of medication errors in elderly in nursing homes. This means that the bulk of the writer’s attention shall be based on factors that medical practitioners in nursing homes and taking care of elderly people can use to predict possible medication errors. As seen in the definition of medication errors, the writer’s view of predictors shall be varying and widespread, not centering only on the health practitioner but on all other causative factors including patients and consumers. Predictors of Medication Errors in Elderly This section of the essay reviews five major predictors of medication errors that can take place among elderly people in nursing homes. Number of Home Medications The fact that elder people under consideration are based on nursing homes should not eradicate the possibility of medication error occurring as a result of a number of home medications. Nursing officers and other health professionals taking care of elderly people in nursing homes must predict the fact that once admitted at the home, the history of a number of home medications received by patients before their admission at the nursing home can interfere with the efficacy and functions of medications administered to them at the nursing home. For this reason, it is rightly appropriate that nursing and other health professionals have a fair idea of medications patients on admission might have received at home before being admitted. Over the years, it is because nursing practitioners have been negligent of the need to assess the number of home medicati ons taken by elderly patients admitted at the nursing homes that Prasanatikom and Madigan (2004) concluded in a research that â€Å"incidence of medication error was highest at the first visit (23.5%)† Self-administration of medication Self-administration of medication is something that is common among elderly patients in nursing homes. Pollick explains that self-administration of medication or self-medication is the â€Å"practice of using illicit or legal drugs without proper medical supervision is known as self-medication.† The commonest cause given to the problem of self-administration of medication among elderly patients in nursing homes has been found to be over anxiety among the elderly patients (Akakpo, 2003). As a matter of fact, due to degeneration psychological problems among elderly patients, they tend to be very anxious about their health and always have a feeling that taking medications in overdose or taking extra medications aside what is prescribed for them may lead to a quick recovery of their health. Health practitioners in nursing homes must, therefore, have a forecasted knowledge that if self-administration of medication takes place among their patients, the patients risk the problem of medication error because there is the tendency of self-medicated drugs conflicting with the functions of prescribed drugs.  

Southwest airlines Essay Example for Free

Southwest airlines Essay Analyzing Southwest Airlines organizations harmony is very challenging. Using the Mckinsey 7S Framework will make this process easier. The Mckinsey 7S Framework is made up of hard elements and soft elements. The hard elements consist of strategy, structure, and systems. These are elements in the organization that can not be changed easily. The soft elements consist of shared values, skills, style, and staff. These are elements that can be changed easily. The strategy of Southwest is very nique. Southwest strategy focuses on provided their service with the lowest prices in their industry. They have a ten-minute turnaround policy which allows flights to board and leave very quickly. Southwest deals with competitive pressure by focusing on a greater competitor, the automobile. This focus keeps Southwest ahead of the other airlines. Changes in customer demand were softened by the unique staff that Southwest had. Customer service took the place of meals that would be served on short flights. Southwest has a functional structure with three levels of management. Decision making is decentralized at Southwest. This decentralized decision making is good for the organic cultural of Southwest. Southwest strives to keep its employees involved with decisions. The main system that keeps Southwest going is its Human Resources system. This system ensures that the culture of the organization remains strong. This is important because it is one of the factors that keep customers returning to Southwest for all their flight. The HR department makes sure that the people it hires are willing to have fun while on the flight as well as crack a few Jokes from time to time. There are some strong shared values within Southwest Airlines. Southwests values include quality, reliability, action, informal communication and feedback. All of these values contribute to the customer service orientation of their organization. Southwest has a very unique style that it as set for itself. Decisions at Southwest are made collectively. Employees seem to be more cooperative than competitive. Southwest is a family oriented organization that enforces its culture to the customers using its employees. There are nominal groups formed within the company. The employees get together voluntarily in order to do community service projects. The Southwest staff is like a family. Many of Southwests staff is classified as couples. This helps Southwest effectively promote its family oriented culture. Selected staff needs to be fun and outgoing. The strongest skills that are represented by the Southwest employees are customer service skills. Southwest prides itself on giving the customer a great flight experience. Their staff, as stated previously, is fun and family oriented. Judging by the 7S framework model, Southwest Airlines should not take on the extra flight it would get from LaGuardia. The extra flight will compromise the ten-minute turnaround that Southwest has praised itself on. This will negatively affects its customer service effectiveness which is the driving factor of Southwests culture and values. southwest airlines.

River Journey In Brazil :: essays research papers

Dear Irene, I would first like to thank you, for encouraging me to enter the competition and I could not believe that I won. As soon as they called out my name on the radio, I went running around my house, crazy, jumping up and down on my small bed, which I think I ruined the springs in it. Although it’s a pity you could not come with me, because the fact is that I had a spectacular holiday. There was a variety of choices on where to go, but none of them interests me except for one that I have not tried yet, and that was ‘Rafts and river journeys’ in the Amazon river, Brazil. I have never, in my life, experienced river journeys and I heard it could be a lot of fun and dangerous so I can face my fears. My best friend, Mike, and I went on a first class ticket in Brasilia Airlines that was very comfortable for a six-hour trip. As we landed on the capital of Brazil, Brasilia we didn’t imagine that this city can be strikingly beautiful, and fortunately is a lot better than Jeddah. We then met our raft experts in the airport. They were both female, which was really unexpected, because the experts are usually male, well one of them is called Joila and the other one’s called Lavita, I find Lavita very attractive. She had a tall, fit body, long blonde hair and a face more beautiful than Cindy Crawford. They took us to the city. The city had unspoiled landscapes, different types of antique markets around a distinctive building, there were several skyscrapers in the middle of the city, but that didn’t spoil the scenery, if you were in the middle of the city you would see lime-green mountains at a very long distance. They drove us to their camp, which was far out of the c ity and nearby the Amazon River. The campsite was in a charming location, along the campsite was pale green bushes around the campsite, caravans just beside the entrance was very big because it is used for their office, a small lake can be seen just a few hundred metres beside the camp for us to practice, there is an exotic view if you looked on top of the small hill, it was as if you were on top of the world. Lavita firstly showed us to our small white caravans for us to unpack.

Christianity, Islam and Terrorism :: Threats To World Peace

The ongoing conflicts in Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and other countries of the Middle East and Africa have influenced American public opinion against Muslims. There is a fundamental misconception of what exactly Islam sanctions, encourages, and allows. The tenets of the Islamic faith are, of course, different than those of Christianity, which prevails in America today. However, the two faiths share much in common and there is no rational reason to view Islam as an â€Å"extremist† faith, any more than Christianity should be viewed that way. How do Christianity and Islam differ, and how are they similar? What common ground can be reached between two cultures that clash so violently? While Islam and Christianity are unique and differ in many ways, the two faiths share similar features, that when analyzed rationally, can unite the two cultures under the banner of understanding. The faith of Islam centers itself in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, just as Christianity does. Old Testament stories appear in the holy book of Islam, the Qur’an, as well as New Testament events. Islam does not dispute the veracity of the Bible, merely adds to it. As a matter of fact, Islam itself claims Old Testament roots. In the Old Testament story of Abraham, Sara, and Hagar, Abraham has two sons – Isma’il (Ishmael) and Isaac. Muslims claim the line of Isma’il as their ancestor, and the Qur’an states, â€Å"We shall worship Thy Allah and the Allah of thy fathers, of Abraham, Isma'il and Isaac, - the one (True) Allah. To Him we bow (in Islam)." 1 â€Å"Father Abraham† is held in high regard in the faith of Islam. It is written in the Holy Qur’an, â€Å"Also mention in the Book (the story of) Abraham: He was a man of Truth, a prophet.†2 Jesus is also frequently mentioned in the Qur’an, not as the son of God, but as a prophet. The miracles He performed are acknowledged as divine acts of God that occurred through him, and it is also acknowledged that he was subject to disbelief at the time. According to the Qur’an, God (or Allah) says to Jesus, â€Å""O Jesus the son of Mary! Recount My favour to thee and to thy mother. Behold! I strengthened thee with the Holy Spirit, so that thou didst speak to the people in childhood and in maturity. Behold! I taught thee the Book and Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel and behold! thou makest out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, by My leave, and thou breathest into it and it becometh a bird by My leave, and thou healest those born blind, and the lepers, by My leave.

The representation of race in film

Discuss the representation of race in any one of the movies discussed on the class. Do The Right Thing ( Spike Lee, 1989 ) Analyzing race in any modern-day movie, can be a challenge it its ain right, but none the less film has changed and how we refer cultural groups and, today more and more histrions from different civilizations are looking on our screens. InDo The right Thingrace is evident on the screen throughout the full movie as Spike Lee introduces us to a mixture of multiculturalism from Black-Americans, Caucasic Americans, Italian-Americans, Asian-Americans, the movie itself engages its audiences and inquire us inquiries about racial struggle. The movie is set on the corner of a Bedford-Stuyvesant subdivision of Brooklyn, following the life of Mookie ( Spike Lee ) an intelligent immature black male, who is torn between sides, and that racial actions can take to a climatic minutes within the movie.Do the Right Thingne'er ties over to stereotypes, as its secret plan clearly and positively drives us through what mundane life and battles of a black-American in a racial environment. & A ; apos ; It c omes down to this: black people were stripped of our individualities when we were brought here, and it & amp ; apos ; s been a pursuit since so to specify who we are & amp ; apos ; ( Spike Lee ) fundamentally racial individuality is of import to the twenty-first century black American as is American independency. These together create a much stronger significance to the portraiture of American societies in Hollywood movies. Do The Right Thingis so powerful, with a batch of intending to it about racial purposes, was a challenge in itself to make, but what Spike Lee did, would intend you would hold to hold some kind of background history to make with multicultural vicinities, associating to the undermentioned narrative. Spike Lee & A ; apos ; s a black manager, who was brought up in Brooklyn so he knew the Immigration and Naturalization Services and outs of the topographic point, being brought up in a black vicinity inspired him to make the movie, he wanted to demo and do people understand what it was like, conveying this multicultural vicinity to cinema. His options on race and socialism, are portrayed in the movie rather good and fluently, even to the bare oculus. What & A ; apos ; s so cagey about this movie is that Spike Lee doesn & A ; apos ; t travel in front and enervate any civilization, alternatively shows everyone for who they really are. Each character is represented in their ain manner, for illustration some characters have their ain personalities which clearly represent their civilization, such as the Italian – Americans who own a eating house called Sal & A ; apos ; s pizza shop, the manner they dress and speak gives off a vibration, a typical Italian mobster back in the 1980 & A ; apos ; s. The usage of voices and how each cultural group negotiations, subjects them and makes it easier to understand who & amp ; apos ; s apart of who. We now come across to the other characters in the movie, each drives the narrative forward in their ain specific manner, and most if non all the chief characters have their ain alone portion in the movie which drives the narrative forward, come oning the movie and the tenseness constructing up a round the country. Spike downwind represents race in about every histrion on screen apart from, The Local DJ ( Samuel L. Jackson ) and smiley, the local DJ seems to be slackly narrating the narrative as it unfolds in forepart of him, during the racial tenseness scenes we see the local DJ attempt to quiet and loosen up the state of affairs about as though he is contending for peace within the vicinity. We now move onto smiley and what seems to be the full movie, smiley is invariably looking to be showing himself without the usage of words, he wants to develop an individuality within the vicinity, due to his mental disablements he faces some challenges. smiley represents that everyone is different, but still has a topographic point to remain in this universe, Some people should merely larn to run into people for who they are, have some compassion as you ne'er know, they could be one of the nicest and intelligent people you will run into. that was spike Lee & A ; apos ; s purpose on be half of the character smiley, he tries to demo us the audience and the world/media, that everyone can be equal, it & amp ; apos ; s merely takes attempt in socializing with the environing people. Lee shown this inDo The Right Thing basedaround racial tensenesss and force, which can be proved a challenge as smiley portrays in the movie, as he isn & A ; apos ; t aloud to voice his sentiments in a mode he would wish excessively. This movie clearly understands racial civilizations and tensenesss from all sides of the cultural groups.Do The Right Thingoffers us the spectator to inquire a figure of inquiries about race and political relations which Spike Lee had created within the narrative is defined by a race, and clearly shows us who and what cultural group they are with. This is one of the grounds why Do the Right Thing is still such a powerful movie. The inquiries it raises, while still powerful, besides still eludes us to the narrative about them intending of the movie is. another inquiry which is overlooked is, is at that place a black aesthetic? Spike Lee uses the mise en scene to depict and truly demo what an ghettoised black vicinity, set in Brooklyn. he sets this by utilizing exact vesture and prompts of a typical Brooklyn street, from what he remembers from his yesteryear, he brought into this movie, making the right ambiance for the audience, Lee & A ; apos ; s movie besides tries to accomplish dem anding/repeating political consciousness which is to state he doesn & amp ; apos ; t merely convey up political subjects but dares to take place. & A ; apos ; Fight the Power & A ; apos ; was the first vocal to be played in the movie, Spike Lee had this playing in the beginning shootings, with a adult female dancing deeply and sharply to it, utilizing this technique spike Lee is boding what will be played through the movie, force, Frustration, music, all this is shown under one vocal & A ; apos ; Fight The Power & A ; apos ; , it gives off negative vibraphones about what the movie holds, and the vocal & A ; apos ; Fight The Power & A ; apos ; & A ; apos ; Well, possibly we should halt stressing the negative, possibly we should stress the positive. Why can & amp ; apos ; t we fight for power, instead than contend the power & A ; apos ; this can be supported by this quotation mark ( Burton B. Roberts, administrative justice of the State Supreme Court in the Bronx, New York Times & A ; apos ; Do The Right Thing & A ; apos ; Page 2 ) fundamentally sketching why we as group our contending amongst ourselves why non battle for what w e think is right, and that everyone should be treated the same. Do The Right Thingfoliages us oppugning the facts based around ethnics groups, racial tensenesss and how we live together as a society. in Do the right Thing you it is impossible to pull specific decisions /about what was and wasn & A ; apos ; t the right thing to make. Spike Lee puts together a movie conflicting to political orientations from Malcolm X and martin Luther male monarch, clashing both facets of peace and force into one movie. this movie went into such item about a delicate topic demoing us the spectator different facets of the twenty-four hours in and outs of a immature black American. Spike Lee wanted to make such a enlightening movie about race, yet do it in a elusive manner. Spike Lee shown us what was right and incorrect, and how racial tenseness can construct up to make and even bigger narrative. . Bibliography & A ; apos ; It comes down to this: black people were stripped of our individualities when we were brought here, and it & amp ; apos ; s been a pursuit since so to specify who we are & amp ; apos ; ( Spike Lee ) Burton B. Roberts, ( July 1989 ) administrative justice of the State Supreme Court in the Bronx, New York Times ( July 1989 ) & A ; apos ; Do The Right Thing & A ; apos ; Page 2

experiment

ABSTRACTTab/experiment The objective of this experiment was to examine the electrophoretic behavior of hemoglobin from a normal person and from a person who has the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease is an inherited autosomal recessive gene. If the person has the inherited gene for sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S) from only one parent, then they are heterozygous and carry the trait. When the gene for hemoglobin S is inherited from both parents, the individual is homozygous and has a severe case of anemia. Electrophoresis is used in clinical laboratories to detect abnormal hemoglobins. Normal hemoglobin A had a strong negative charge therefore moved faster. Variant hemoglobin S had a weak negative charge resulting in slow movement.INTRODUCTIONRed blood cells (erythrocytes) carry the globular protein hemoglobin in the circulation. This protein transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissue. The structure of hemoglobin has changed by mutations among human population.A single amino acid change causes hem oglobin to fo...One out of 100 people have a mutant hemoglobin gene and they have abnormal hemoglobin in their blood. Usually harmless, mutations involve the substitution of one amino acid for another; however, some mutations may cause serious diseases such as sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin S is the most common and serious abnormal hemoglobin. In this mutation, a single glutamic acid residue on the Beta-chains is replaced by valine. This single change in the primary sequence causes a marked change in net charge and conformation of the protein. When hemoglobin S is deoxygenated, it crystallizes in the red blood cells and this leads to a distortion of the red cells into a sickle shape. These abnormal cells are then destroyed rapidly in the body which leads to a reduced number of erythrocytes; hence the term, sickle cell anemia.Hemoglobin S is thought to have originated in Africa among the Black population. It...

A film comparison between emma and clueless

A film comparison between emma and clueless Jane Austen's early nineteenth century novel, Emma spawned two well-known films from the mid-nineties. These are of course Emma, directed by Douglas McGrath and Clueless, written and directed by Amy Heckerling. While Emma is a direct adaptation of the novel, Clueless was merely inspired by its themes and messages. Furthermore, Emma aspires to successfully present the novel in celluloid and entertain a female, adult audience whilst introducing Jane Austen to a new generation. Conversely, Clueless aims to transport the themes and morals presented within the novel into a modern context that is relatable to the youth of today. Despite these differing objectives the films are similar in terms of storyline, theme and characterisationSuperficially, Emma and Clueless are tales of love told from the perspective of 'the match-maker,' however beneath this veneer lie stories about young women learning humility in the face of their own willful ignorance. In both stories the heroine misjudges not just Mr/Elton's affections, but also the extent of a second eligible man's affections for them.Jane Austen lived here, in Chawton, during her fin...Cher and Emma even misjudge their own feelings towards a brother figure: Mr Knightly in Emma, and Josh in Clueless. As a result of their mistakes, both undergo a 'spiritual makeover' and rethink their opinions of themselves and the things into which they put their time and energy. A more blatant connection in the plot occurs when Emma paints a picture of Harriet for Mr Elton to hang up in his house. The equivalent to this in Clueless would be when Cher takes a picture of Tai for Elton to pin up in his locker. In both films the portrait is hung up not because of the subject but because of who created the image. Indeed, the films share similar storylines, yet they are set in vastly different environments.Emma is...

Facts on the Vietnam War

Facts on the Vietnam War The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955, and ended April 30, 1975. It lasted for 19 and 1/2 years.  Although the bulk of the fighting took place in Vietnam, the war also spilled over into neighboring Laos and Cambodia in the early 1970s. Communist North Vietnamese forces, led by Ho Chi Minh, were allied with the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, the Peoples Republic of China, and the Soviet Union. They faced an anti-communist coalition made up of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and Laos. Troops Deployed and Outcomes North Vietnam and its allies deployed approximately  500,000 troops South Vietnam and its allies deployed 1,830,000 (peak in 1968). The North Vietnamese army and their Viet Cong allies won the war. The United States and other foreign nations withdrew their troops by March 1973. The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon fell to the communist forces on April 30, 1975. Estimated Total Deaths: South Vietnam - approximately 300,000 soldiers dead, up to 3,000,000 civilians North Vietnam Viet Cong - approximately 1,100,000 soldiers dead, up to 2,000,000 civilians Cambodia - 200,000 or more civilians dead United States - 58,220 dead Laos - approximately 30,000 dead South Korea - 5,099 dead Peoples Republic of China - 1,446 dead Thailand - 1,351 dead Australia - 521 dead New Zealand - 37 dead Soviet Union - 16 dead. Major Events and Turning Points: Gulf of Tonkin Incident, August 2 and 4, 1964. My Lai Massacre, March 16, 1968. Tet Offensive, January 30, 1968. Large Anti-war Protests Begin in US, October 15, 1969. Kent State Shootings, May 4, 1970. Fall of Saigon, April 30, 1975.

Russia Italy Germany Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Russia Italy Germany - Assignment Example Italy on the other hand, followed the secret promises by its allies in the London treaty in aim of annexing the Northern Dalmatia and Australian Littoral. This action led to the generation of the present day Trentino and the South Tyrol. All the three superpowers were aimed at recovering as much as they could from the tremendous loss they underwent in the war. Mussolini signed the 1929 Lateran Pacts in coalition with the Roman Catholic Church which led to the formation of the little but independent state of the Vatican City. The pacts empowered the Vatican City by installing more powers into it which allowed it to transact around it neighbors. It is one of the smallest internationally recognized state. The formation of these states was as a step of creating a defensive mechanism for their specific three nations. It was also a deliberate plan invented to prevent a reoccurrence of a similar war activity although it failed. The failure was caused by the humiliation of Germany and other countries which led to initiation of the World War

The Marketing Strategies of Mall of America Coursework

The Marketing Strategies of Mall of America - Coursework Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the target markets for the Mall of America comprised of locals and visitors. Different marketing strategies will be used so as to reach these target markets. The locals include the local families and population residing near the Mall of America. The local target market can be placing the product in strategic positions where the people can easily access. Close range marketing can be used using technologies, such as Wifi and Bluetooth for the customers at close proximity. About promotion, the enterprise can use advertising as its core source of increasing local consumer awareness. Mainly, it can post numerous advertisements both in print and electronic media. Price is the main competing factor in business. The business can use discount and allowance pricing. The firm can provide allowances and discounts on their basic price so as to reward the consumers’ specific response. On the other hand, the visitors include tourists from the Up per Midwest, across the nation, and from other nations. The products and services being offered at the Mall of America can be posted on the internet so as to reach a wider global audience. The other strategy which the Mall of America can use to reach the visitors include telemarketing. The clients can be convinced via mobile phones to come and visit Mall of America. The venture may also use promotional pricing as a strategy to attract national and international visitors. The promotional pricing will assist the Mall of America to attract more customers in a very short time. The other strategy which the firm can use is diversity marketing since visitors come from diverse backgrounds.

The Effects of Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment Essay

The Effects of Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example This has served many companies in producing cheaper goods by taking use of the low cost of labor and machineries involved, from different countries. The other side of globalization that is also prominent is the decline in product quality, by outsourcing cheaper equipments and low cost of the unskilled labor (Pragmatic Outsourcing, 2012). Employing the trend of globalization has increased significantly in the industrial sector of the European countries. The increase in population and global competition has narrowed the profit margin of many industries and has ignited the need of producing more volume of products, to beat other competitors (Isidro, 2011). Hence, many European industries utilize the cheap labor, fuel and low government taxes of under developed nations to produce bulk quantity of their products within the limited budget for it. A flashback of the European industries would lead to the fact that globalization started from the textile industry in the early 20th century and then it was adopted in electronics, furniture and books publishing sectors (Blass, 2005). With the change in policy by Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) of trade tariffs and eradicating the concentration rule in Europe, monopolization in industrial sectors was broken to a great extent. It allowed several new companies to enter into the corporate market and intensify the business competition (Blass, 2005). In this respect, the Italian footwear industry is considered to have gone through considerable changes in its managerial and production strategies, by implying globalization in its system. Historical trade data of Italy suggest that its footwear sector that has a prominent contribution in its overall GDP and has a high impact on the international footwear market (Milan, 2010). However, present market position and sales figures present a different scenario of prominence of the Italy’s footwear industry. Pressure of the international market and emerging entrants has forced Italy’s footwear industry to delocalize their resources, which has resulted in losing their distinct image. The vertical integration methodology of these industries was replaced with a global supply chain network, which resulted in less flexibility and control over the finished product. This paper aims to provide hypotheses of the effect of globalization on Italian footwear, based on the understanding and evaluation of sales figures and current standing in national and international market. The will use the academic and theoretical data to compare other footwear industries with the Italian, to justify the hypothesis presented (Larch, 2005). Theoretical Overview The pattern followed in the Italian footwear industry involves foreign direct investment in the production cycle. Since, Italy footwear sector is largely delocalized several of its resources are involved in production and designing is being outsourced (Amighini & Rabellotti, 2003). This brings the ownership of foreign investors in different production units carried out in other countries. One essential thing to consider is the formation of several business groups, which is the result of market fragmentation. Such business groups act as the middle man between the actual producer and the company been outsourced. Therefore, there are

Reflect on a challenge you overcame through persistence (650 words) Essay

Reflect on a challenge you overcame through persistence (650 words) - Essay Example I read the speeches of Socrates when I entered my tenth grade. It was then that i realized that I wanted to attain a speech ability like his through which i could persuade people as to what life really is about. In the tenth grade i tried competing in the debates organized by my school but i was not encouraged a bit by my parents or teachers. When i gave the auditions of my debate for the first time in school not a single stone was unturned in humiliating me by my class mates. It was then that i was quite discouraged and went into isolation for a few days to think as to if i could achieve my goal or not. However i did not lose hope and worked on my abilities to deliver speech. My aim was to participate in the debate competition as a leading participant but this aim was laughed upon by many of my class mates. In order to grasp better skills i had to sort out certain things which i lacked when delivering speeches. I suffered from the problem of stage fear and i had to cut off this prob lem first in order to deliver the speeches. To rectify this problem i started participating in activities which had audiences viewing it. The first option was of selecting different sports and participating in different activities so i could get strong in front of the audience. This greatly helped me in the field of debates as i learned to act in certain situations. After that my very next aim was to work on my debating skills. I began reading books and increased my vocabulary so i could write a better speech which would attract the audience. I learned the basics of debating through different lessons and i was successfully able to craft speeches. I delivered my speech in front of my friends and some of them praised it. This gave a boost to me so that i could compete in the next competition. I also got the encouragement of my parents and teachers after i rehearsed in front of them. I polished my skills of debating since i passed my tenth grade and was able to deliver in my next try. It was in high school that i tried for competing in debating again and this time the try was not wasted. I received a better appreciation from the crowd but still could not make up to the final participants. I erased my stage fear and learned to act in the situations of debates. It was here that the changing point of life had arrived. The teachers realized the potential in me and gave me a chance again in the last year of my high school. I learned skills from them and delivered well in the auditions. I was then qualified finally for the participants sent through my school. Although this was my first exposure to debates nationally i learned a lot from the event. I did not get to win from the event but my goal of being a debater was fulfilled. It was then that i made a platform for me to be a debater. After I passed my high school i participated in events which were outside the territory of my school and learned a lot. I have since become a debater with the right potential. My aim of becoming a debater only became successful after I went through a lot in my life. Persistence as said by Edison was the major source of success in my life. I have learned a lot through my experience and can now successfully achieve many of the aims that i had in

Command and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Command and Management - Essay Example A deputy incident commander is a representative of an incident responding agency, for instance, the senior officer who is in charge of activities concerning law enforcement in association with the incident. Such for a right incident commander: everyone cannot make to be an incident commander. The incident commander role is in advance determined by agencies on basis of education, experience as well as the training to fit into the position. Unique abilities, skills, as well as chemical psychological makeup which comprise efficient incident commanders cannot probably be harvested or taught in each first responder. It is developed within individuals possessing personal tendency of performance under stress. Some incidents lack guidelines hence one has to think. Mostly people believe in the NIMS forms as well as section responsibilities supplied checklists. Practitioners need to engage in sense making when he/she challenges a condition falling within a chaotic cynefin framework area (SECURITY, 2012). Finding a starting point for a perceptive problem solving or focusing on coming up with a solution for the problem within the chaos might assist he incident commanders in working towards normalizing the situation. Incident commanders who have vast store of particular things, people or events notice leverage points as well as make use of them to their advantage. NIMS being a useful training still lacks the component of education required to make it efficient in event response. Incident response personnel should realize that they arrive late at the scene. People already in the scene could be important in sense making. Incident commanders should sense making steps after arriving (SECURITY, 2012). 3. Annex P – Terrorism, in the San Diego County Organization of Emergency services provides a summary for emergency response protocol for terrorism incidents. The protocol

Reflect on a challenge you overcame through persistence (650 words) Essay

Reflect on a challenge you overcame through persistence (650 words) - Essay Example I read the speeches of Socrates when I entered my tenth grade. It was then that i realized that I wanted to attain a speech ability like his through which i could persuade people as to what life really is about. In the tenth grade i tried competing in the debates organized by my school but i was not encouraged a bit by my parents or teachers. When i gave the auditions of my debate for the first time in school not a single stone was unturned in humiliating me by my class mates. It was then that i was quite discouraged and went into isolation for a few days to think as to if i could achieve my goal or not. However i did not lose hope and worked on my abilities to deliver speech. My aim was to participate in the debate competition as a leading participant but this aim was laughed upon by many of my class mates. In order to grasp better skills i had to sort out certain things which i lacked when delivering speeches. I suffered from the problem of stage fear and i had to cut off this prob lem first in order to deliver the speeches. To rectify this problem i started participating in activities which had audiences viewing it. The first option was of selecting different sports and participating in different activities so i could get strong in front of the audience. This greatly helped me in the field of debates as i learned to act in certain situations. After that my very next aim was to work on my debating skills. I began reading books and increased my vocabulary so i could write a better speech which would attract the audience. I learned the basics of debating through different lessons and i was successfully able to craft speeches. I delivered my speech in front of my friends and some of them praised it. This gave a boost to me so that i could compete in the next competition. I also got the encouragement of my parents and teachers after i rehearsed in front of them. I polished my skills of debating since i passed my tenth grade and was able to deliver in my next try. It was in high school that i tried for competing in debating again and this time the try was not wasted. I received a better appreciation from the crowd but still could not make up to the final participants. I erased my stage fear and learned to act in the situations of debates. It was here that the changing point of life had arrived. The teachers realized the potential in me and gave me a chance again in the last year of my high school. I learned skills from them and delivered well in the auditions. I was then qualified finally for the participants sent through my school. Although this was my first exposure to debates nationally i learned a lot from the event. I did not get to win from the event but my goal of being a debater was fulfilled. It was then that i made a platform for me to be a debater. After I passed my high school i participated in events which were outside the territory of my school and learned a lot. I have since become a debater with the right potential. My aim of becoming a debater only became successful after I went through a lot in my life. Persistence as said by Edison was the major source of success in my life. I have learned a lot through my experience and can now successfully achieve many of the aims that i had in

Coca-Cola Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Coca-Cola Company - Research Paper Example Indeed, Coca Cola’s strategic marketing and management processes add to the company’s firmly embedded financial leadership in the non-alcoholic beverage market segment. Introduction Coca Cola’s strategic marketing and management plans catapults the entity as one of the world’s popular non-alcoholic beverages. The research centers on the history of Coca Cola. The research includes producing a financial statement analysis of Coca Cola America. The study incorporates the similarities and differences between the production processes of both Coca Cola America and Coca Cola Mexico. Coca Cola’s strategic marketing and management processes precipitates to the company’s current financial leadership in the non-alcoholic beverage market segment. History of Coca-Cola. Lonnie Bell (2004) emphasized Coca – Cola, the world’s soft drink, was accidentally invented by Dr. John Pemberton. Dr. Pemberton, a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia, formulat ed the Coca-Cola syrup using a three legged brass pot. Dr. Pemberton used two chief ingredients for his invention in 1886. The two ingredients are coca plant and the Kola nut. The Coca plant is a good source of Cocaine. However, Dr. Pemberton insisted that Coca Cola contains only 1 % Cocaine percentage. Paul Gootenberg (1999) theorized â€Å"Cocaine made its first appearance in the United States during the 1880s, when physicians first interested themselves in the drug's therapeutic potential. Limited at first to a relatively narrow range of therapeutic use, cocaine's popularity grew far beyond the boundaries of medical practice. By the late 1890s, many observers came to believe that the popular... This paper stresses that Coca Cola’s strategic marketing and management plans catapults the entity as one of the world’s popular non-alcoholic beverages. The research centers on the history of Coca Cola. The research includes producing a financial statement analysis of Coca Cola America. The study incorporates the similarities and differences between the production processes of both Coca Cola America and Coca Cola Mexico. Coca Cola’s strategic marketing and management processes precipitates to the company’s current financial leadership in the non-alcoholic beverage market segment. This report makes a conclusion that based on the above discussion, Coca Cola’s strategic marketing as well as management plan contributes to company’s retaining its century old popularity in the non-alcoholic beverages market segment. The constant innovative changes in the company’s packaging and ingredients translate to the current pinnacle of Coca Cola’s financial success. The financial statement analysis indicates Coca Cola’s innovative and creative production and marketing strategies significantly contribute to Coca Cola’s current favorable financial picture. There are some similarities and differences between the production processes of both Coca Cola America and Coca Cola Mexico. Indeed, Coca Cola’s strategic marketing and management processes metamorphose to the company’s firmly entrenched financial leadership in the non-alcoholic beverage market segment.

Importance of Chemistry in Chosen Profession Essay Example for Free

Importance of Chemistry in Chosen Profession Essay The international year of Chemistry (2011) should be the key point in a significant growth of the diffusion of chemistry to show society its importance, how it is necessary, which can provide, in order to put it in the appropriate place to be considered by the public. Different activities have been carried out in almost all the science faculties of the Spanish Universities during 2011 to develop the interest in chemistry. Those activities also include the collaboration with teachers in levels before to the University. The Faculty of Science of the University of Extremadura, as well as, in our case, a group of professors, PhD and PhD students are carrying out actions of divulgation of science including chemistry. The aim is to carry out chemical laboratory experiences for high-school students. Experiences in the laboratory were structured in response to different levels of difficulty and looking those more attractive or those that could hit the students. Addressed aspects were related to spectroscopy, surface tension, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, acidity, chromatography, liquid – liquid distillation, etc. The students worked in each activity in groups no larger than 4-5 students and they carried out the experience with the help of the instructor. It is noticeable the great number of activities described in the literature, in the network, etc., for the diffusion of chemistry. However, a crucial aspect is the form in which those experiences are carried out, as well as the participation of the students is active and the goals such as awaken the interest in science in general and chemistry in particular are achieved. Another point is to involve the university community especially the youngest in the necessity to spread the knowledge and the interest in science. We present a catalog of chemical experiences and a plan to be developed extensively to all the levels previous to the university, including primary school level. . Answer: Chemistry has a reputation for being a complicated and boring science, but for the most part, that reputation is undeserved. Fireworks and explosions are based on chemistry, so its definitely not a boring science. If you take classes in chemistry, youll apply math and logic, which can make studying chemistry a challenge if you are weak in those areas. However, anyone can understand the basics of how things work and thats the study of chemistry. In a nutshell, the importance of chemistry is that it explains the world around you. Chemistry Explains * Cooking Chemistry explains how food changes as you cook it, how it rots, how to preserve food, how your body uses the food you eat, and how ingredients interact to make food. * Cleaning Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. You use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry, yourself, and your home. You use chemistry when you use bleaches and disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? Thats chemistry! * Medicine You need to understand basic chemistry so you can understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm you. Part of the importance of chemistry lies in developing and testing new medical treatments and medicines. * Environmental Issues Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. What makes one chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? Importance of Taking Chemistry Everyone can and should understand basic chemistry, but it may be important to take a course in chemistry or even make a career out of it. Its important to understand chemistry if you are studying any of the sciences because all of the sciences involve matter and the interactions between types of matter. Students wanting to become doctors, nurses, physicists, nutritionists, geologists, pharmacists, and (of course) chemists all study chemistry. You might want to make a career of chemistry because chemistry-related jobs are plentiful and high-paying. The importance of chemistry wont be diminished over time, so it will remain a promising career path.

Construction Methodology Of Laying A Sewerage Pipes

Construction Methodology Of Laying A Sewerage Pipes Briefly explain with the aid of diagramme, the construction methodology of laying a sewerage pipes and describe the reasons of different bedding type for vitrified clay (rigid) pipes and ABS (flexible) pipes. Above: pipes should be laid with fall. Side: excavation of trench. Below: workers are placing the pipes in the trench. The first thing to construct drains is a ground plan of the site, showing the location of the whole of the sanitary appliances from which the wastewater to the position of the sewer. There are two methods of laying the pipes, first is by using the boning-rod and sight-rails. But the common way of working is by using an ordinary spirit level and a straight-edge. The construction methodology of laying sewerage pipes is first, the pipes should be laid in a straight line from point to point with a fall meaning at predetermined angle and a predetermined depth. Two feet must then be added for every fall. Next, excavation of trench need to be construct using an excavator so that working space and bedding around the pipes are allowed. Trench that are more than 1200mm depth must be properly shored up. The trench should be dug out from the site so that the pipes can be laid with a fall and the main tapped straight out from the building and should be at least 15 feet long so that a full length of pipe can be laid in the trench. The first pipe that needs to be laid first is the pipe from the curb to the main. The pipes must be placed between the curb and the main before the water is turned on. If there are any leaks, the pipes need to be repaired. Pipes should not be covered p until they are tested and approved for water-tightness. Beams are installed between the intervals to avoid landslide occurring at both sides of the trench excavation and to protect the underground pipes. In refilling the trench, sand or fine gravel should be placed in first and compactly around the pipe without disturbing the joint. Then, the trench will covered with good ashes or gravel. When the trench is refilled, concreting should be done and carried up minimum of half the height of the pipes, so that these may be securely bedded in it and also at least 6 inches thick all around. On the left: Bedding detail for rigid pipes (Clayware) Class B bedding On the right: Bedding detail for flexible pipes (Plastic) There are two types of bedding pipes that are for vitrified clay (rigid) pipes and ABS (flexible) pipes. The function of bedding is to cover the pipes from soil, large stones or other materials. Rigid pipe materials include clayware, concrete and cast iron while flexible pipe materials include plastics comprise those manufactured from PVC, polyethylene and polypropylene. The performance of each polymer is different depend on the pipe stiffness and the creep ratio. These different beddings require varying degrees of support to the pipe and the compaction of the material. It also depends on the type of pipe for permanent protection against mechanical damage. The bedding factor is the ratio of the failure load in a crushing machine. List down with explanation the contractor task in landscaping contract. In landscaping contract, a contractor has to performed many task in order to fulfill the costumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s satisfaction. Their job is to design, plant, develop and maintain a clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s landscaped area and their job range can be from local businesses to big urban companies. Some of the contractors work with residential clients in designing the gardens and parks on residential land while others work with governments and businesses to maintain current grassed areas and develop new areas. Design of landscape First, the contractor will have to find and meet up with the client. During the meeting they will discuss what type of garden that the client wants by discussing and sharing ideas of trees, flowers and also types of grass that would be suitable for the area. Some contractors will use computer-generated models, pictures and landscape blueprints to help the customers to examine and choose according to their desire. But the most important things during the meeting up with the client is to help the client easily understand on what type of plants that are suitable and are appropriate for the area and what type of plants that they should be avoided or not suitable to plant for the area. This is because sometimes the clients have unrealistic and impossible desires for certain plants that usually will not grow in that particular area, so it is responsible for the contractor to consult the clients and solve these issues. When the final plans of the landscape had been achieved by agreement fro m the contractor and client, the contractor then will start their construction work by coordinating the purchase of the plants as well as oversees the work. Construction of landscape After the designing of landscape has been done, the contractor will start purchasing the required plants for the growing area. They will be contracting with lots of suppliers and outside vendors to make sure that the project run smoothly and stay on schedule. Then, the contractors will transport the required plants from nursery to the site. The conditions of the plants need to be check and analyse during the delivering of the plants. Contractors also have to find suitable area placement for storing the soil fertilizers, plants and drainage material that will be used in the future. Before the installation of the specific plants, the planting area needs to be check for any discrepancies by removing any unwanted plants that cover the area. The construction of the area and gardens will be constructing by the contractors that will install the plants and tender the flowers, shrubs, trees, foliage and turf according to the requirement. When the installation of plants is finished, the new plants need to be take care by watering and tending the plants for a certain amount of time. The plants need enough of water in order to adapt to the new environment. The contractors also have to build retaining walls to prevent land slide, provide paved area and installed the irrigation systems which can control the spread out of water in the area so that it is even. By installing an irrigation system, all of the plants and trees will get enough of water. If the clients asked to install the fountains, rockery and the water features such as sprinklers in their garden, the contractors will then installed the water features. In aspects of indoor job, the hiring, supervising, training and firing of workers are also being done by the contractors including the leave for the workers. They also have to contact with the clients for invoicing and collecting fees for the landscaping job. Repair and remediation of landscape Usually the repairing and restoring the landscape that has been affected by the local conditions and subsidence or that requires new management due to neglect in taking care of the previous landscape is all done by the contractors. The contractors will be responsible for all renovation and remediation processes including the digging up existing plants, trees and flowers and re-installing back all the landscape materials with a new one. They also have to build up new additions to the landscape area to make an interesting view of landscape and installing new and fresh soil that contain high minerals to replace the old existing soil. Maintenance of landscape To maintain a landscape contractors use the same sorts of skill and tasks like remediation and repair. Contractors have to do lots of job such as terracing, turfing the area, prune trees, garden maintenance, lawn mowing, remove weeds, waste removal, maintaining sprinkler, concreting, maintaining flowers and dealing with any damage from disturbances such as flood and storms. Certain contractors had to remove hazards depend on their contracts. To maintain a landscape, the contractors usually construct a drainage system, construct landscape features such as garden beds and hardscape such as patios, walkways, driveways and pool decks to maintain the area. On top of that, contractors also have to set up the lighting for the external area which the lighting can provide a safe especially at night and be the source of light for outdoor areas. Maintaining the landscape is one part of work that needs to be performed by the contractors. Briefly explain three (3) influencing factors for road design. The three factors that most influenced the road design are the strength of sub-grade beneath the road, maintenance cost of the road and the numbers of traffics that uses the road. Strength of sub-grade The design of a road is influenced by the sub-grade support that is depending on the soil type, material density, temperature and moisture content. Sub-grade is the natural occurring ground at formation level which its homogeneity is important. Before a sub-grade is prepared, it is important to avoid hard and soft spots in sub-grade. When the sub-grade is suitable, it then can be compacted. It is important to recognize where the moisture may enter the sub-grade in order to control the moisture movement. This is because moisture tends to affect the sub-grade properties including load bearing capacity, shrinkage and swelling. Drainage, groundwater table and infiltration also can affect the moisture content in sub-grade which will result in excessively under load. The temperature of environment on sub-grade also affects the performance of road. Example: Asphalt becomes stiff and brittle at low temperatures while it is soft at higher temperatures. If the temperature is too high, permanent deformation in asphalt may occur. Sub-grade also must be able to support the loads that been transmitted from the pavement structure. The load bearing capacity is influenced by the degree of compaction, moisture content and type of soil. A good sub-grade is the one that can support a high amount of loading without excessive deformation. The strength of sub-grade also depends on the type of soil. Certain soils can shrink or swell depending on the moisture content. When this happen, soils with excessive fines content may be frost heave. Any road type constructed over the shrinkage, swelling and frost heave will tend to deform and crack. Maintenance cost The second factor that influenced the road design is the maintenance cost of road such as cost of improvements, effects of controlling or limiting right-of-way on abutting residential and commercial properties where channelization restricts vehicular movements. At the end of a certain period, the road will deteriorated to its failure condition which will then have to maintain back to restore its structural integrity and serviceability. The maintenance cost and life cycle cost depends on the type of pavement used. For rigid type of pavement such as concrete, the maintenance cost is low as it is can withstand huge amounts of loads while for flexible type of pavement such as tar macadam, the maintenance cost is high because it needs to resurfacing the layer every five years. But to install the rigid pavements require more labour, more time to harden and more complex compared to flexible pavements. The maintenance of road is necessarily because it can cause road accidents to users. Clean ing and emptying of gully pots, silt traps and manholes, jetting and cleaning sewers, road sweeping, litter removal and road verge landscape management have to consider also as it is under the maintenance cost. The operation and maintenance activities also part of maintenance cost. The inspection and monitoring, post inspection maintenance including litter and removal of debris, unplanned maintenance due to operational problems or pollution incidents must be considered. The labour, the plant and the material used to do the maintenance works must also be calculated. Numbers of traffic The third factor that influenced the road design is the numbers of traffic that used the road. The traffic consideration that must be considered is the design and actual capacities that the road can hold, the design-hour turning movements especially during peak hour or office hour, the size and operating characteristics of vehicle (the load of the vehicle), vehicle speeds, transit involvement and accident experience. If the road used is very frequent, the design of the road must be strong enough to hold large capacities of load. The size of the road also based on the numbers of traffic. If the road is usually used the size of the road have to be bigger to avoid jam. Briefly explain four (4) requirements of joints for cladding system. The four requirements of joints that are important for cladding system are weather resistance and are allowed for structural, thermal and moisture movement, good durability, easily maintained and easily made or assembled. Weather resistance The most important requirement of joint is it needs to resistance to wind pressure, rain and other nature elements such as heat, moisture, sound such as airborne and vandalism. It must sufficiently well to exhibit the persistent resistance to the elements. If we neglect the need for properly sealing the joint, there will be a water leakage in the building. Once the seal has lost its weather-proofing, the building will suffer water penetration into the building and the thermal insulation performance will decrease. Requirement of joints of cladding also must allowed movement of moisture so that the air in the building contains moisture and not too dry. High frequency thermal movement can affect the jointing of cladding system because the building materials can expand and contract due to the changing of temperature and humidity. It is best to use flexible joints in the cladding system where the joints will not be effected when the building materials expand and contract. It will control of the internal environment and the temperatures of the building. Example: Using gasket joints can prevent thermal heat from getting into the building, resistance to environmental attack, prevent fire from spread within the voids and insulate sound against airborne from external of the building and prevent it from transmitting to other parts of the building. Strength, stability and good durability The other requirement of joints for cladding system is strength, stability and durability. Strength of joint means that it able to support its own self weight between the building materials and to the structural frame. It does not require additional support from others. Stability of joint means that it can against and undergoes strong wind pressures and other environmental attack. It also can cater for frame movements which it allows differential movements between the joints, the structural frame and other building elements. The integration between vertical and horizontal frame elements is compatible. Durability of joints for cladding system means that it is maintenance free and has the ability to weather well. Easily maintained The joints for cladding system must be easily maintained so that maintenance workers can easily repaired and maintained the joints if there are defection in the joints. For gasket joint, the maintenance is complex because it uses air pressure to join the cladding and need skill labour to perform the task. Joints on surfaces that require painting need to allow for maintenance of the surface coating. Usually when the installation and repair is relatively simple, the maintenance required is high, requiring frequently treatment depending on the location of the elements to which it is exposed. Easily made or assembled Joints for cladding system must be easily made or assembled so that it can be easily obtained and it is not limited. Meaning the manufacturers easily and constantly produced the jointing and easily obtained in the market. The installation of the jointing also must simple so that the workers can easily install and can minimise the construction time. Example: Filled joint is the simplest of jointing compared to drained joint. Unlike gasket joint, it is more complex to install because it has difficulty in ensuring dimensional accuracy and control during manufacture and installation.

Ancient Civilizations :: History

While reading chapter one in our text book, I learned about the ancient civilizations that are no longer around. I noticed how different their cultures were from ours today. However, those are the foundations of who we are. Starting with the Paleolithic people, they were the groundwork for all humankind. Life for them was basic and simple. They didn?t wake up and wonder what they were going to wear. The men were hunters and gatherers, and the women were caregivers and producers. That is a theme relevant to even today. (men being dominant, etc?). As I read on, humans began to evolve after years and years. Soon humans were able to build structures using the post and lintel system. It seems the more we evolved the more we learned, and the more survival of the fittest played a part in the development of humans. I found the story of Gilgamesh very interesting. The fact he was seeking immortality but unable to attain it, represent humans always wanting things they can?t have. This is something everyone can relate to. It also incorporated the flood/ark part which I thought might have a connection with Noah?s ark ? especially since the time periods were very similar. One thing that sparked my curiosity, was how all of the ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics or symbols to communicate in writing. Today, many countries and cultures do not. They use the letters for their words and phrases. In fact, hieroglyphics is not really used in any place. The closest thing is probably Hebrew and Arabic which were derived from the ancient civilizations. Although not in America so much, religion is still a prevalent factor in cultures today just like they were in Egypt and Babylon. The old Kingdom had a very interesting method of ?judgement.? The Book of Dead was the evaluation was a huge part of their lives. Similar to our judgments found in some religions today. I think the middle kingdom was a time to learn and discover new theories and methods and time to figure out what works and what doesn?t. Prince Mentuhotep II was the leader and reunited Upper and lower Egypt. This was a great accomplishment because it brought peace and enabled the culture to prosper. The impression I got from the Old Kingdom to New, was that the old kingdom maintained traditions in the books.

Current Trends in Educational Technology Essay -- Education Technologi

Current Trends in Educational Technology Abstract Current trends in Educational Technology offer quite an array of subject matter to study. I have selected a few articles demonstrating trends I found most interesting. These include trends in research, holistic technology education, pedagogic balance in technology education and using open source software in the school. Hopefully these trends will be an eye opener for the reader. This paper is based on these journal articles: Research in Technology Education: Back to the Future (Reed, 2002); Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education (Seemann, 2003); Partnership-Centered Learning: The Case for Pedagogic Balance In Technology Education (Walmsely, 2003) and Making the Switch to Open Source Software (Surran, 2003). Researching the Future of Educational Technology Literacy Clear lines of inquiry are needed to further technology education’s place within the context of general education (Reed, 2002). The International Technology Education Association (ITEA), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), National Research Council and Technology for All Americans Project (TFAA) provide significant amounts of research available on educational technology. These organizations are always looking at what research would help achieve the goal of technological literacy. The National Science Foundation (NSF) makes federal funding available to educational technology researchers (Custer, Loepp, and Martin, 2000). TEGRD A new Council on Technology Teacher Education tool, the Technology Education Graduate Research Database (TEGRD) offers new lines of research geared towards education (Reed, 2002). The TEGRD was designed to highlight the history... ...chives website: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.html Seemann, K. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 15, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.html Walmsley, B. (2003) Partnership-Centered Learning: The Case For Pedagogic Balance in Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 16, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.html Surran, M. (2003). Making the Switch to Open Source Software. T.H.E. Journal Online. Retrieved September 16, 2003 from T.H.E. Journal Online website: http://www.thejournal.com/ Current Trends in Educational Technology Essay -- Education Technologi Current Trends in Educational Technology Abstract Current trends in Educational Technology offer quite an array of subject matter to study. I have selected a few articles demonstrating trends I found most interesting. These include trends in research, holistic technology education, pedagogic balance in technology education and using open source software in the school. Hopefully these trends will be an eye opener for the reader. This paper is based on these journal articles: Research in Technology Education: Back to the Future (Reed, 2002); Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education (Seemann, 2003); Partnership-Centered Learning: The Case for Pedagogic Balance In Technology Education (Walmsely, 2003) and Making the Switch to Open Source Software (Surran, 2003). Researching the Future of Educational Technology Literacy Clear lines of inquiry are needed to further technology education’s place within the context of general education (Reed, 2002). The International Technology Education Association (ITEA), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), National Research Council and Technology for All Americans Project (TFAA) provide significant amounts of research available on educational technology. These organizations are always looking at what research would help achieve the goal of technological literacy. The National Science Foundation (NSF) makes federal funding available to educational technology researchers (Custer, Loepp, and Martin, 2000). TEGRD A new Council on Technology Teacher Education tool, the Technology Education Graduate Research Database (TEGRD) offers new lines of research geared towards education (Reed, 2002). The TEGRD was designed to highlight the history... ...chives website: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.html Seemann, K. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 15, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.html Walmsley, B. (2003) Partnership-Centered Learning: The Case For Pedagogic Balance in Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 16, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.html Surran, M. (2003). Making the Switch to Open Source Software. T.H.E. Journal Online. Retrieved September 16, 2003 from T.H.E. Journal Online website: http://www.thejournal.com/

Study On The Annals History Essay

The Viking colonists took up the Frankish imposts manner of life so wholly that within a few coevalss of their arrival little of their Viking heritage remained. One account for this is that the figure of colonists was few and that they were rapidly absorbed into the local population. Or possibly there was a brief violent coup d'etat, after which the Vikings adopted the imposts of their neighbors out of necessity and political force per unit area. Contemporary Latin beginnings called these colonists Northmanni but this described both the Vikings and, much later, the Normans. It was a general term used to depict the Scandinavians who had become active in northern Francia in the 9th and 10th centuries. But no differentiation was made in the 10th century between the Vikings of Neustria and the Vikings in other parts of the remainder of Francia and elsewhere.A The major job with bring outing the history of the early Viking colony of Neustria is the deficiency of beginnings from the early decennaries of the 10th century, when the colony was formalised. The Vikings recorded their history subsequently and the beginnings we do hold are written by the Franks. The ulterior Norman histories are debatable because of their involvement in buttressing and legalize the baby state.A The beginnings viewed the tenth-century as a violent clip. Frankish Godheads fought for political laterality and, on the peripheries of the Frankish land, smaller groups of peoples fought for domination against each other and against the Franks. In the ninth-century, nomadic Viking forces had frequently sailed up the Seine and besieged Paris, or merely despoiled countries inside Francia. A It is difficult to state where these war-bands wintered, though it becomes clear in the annals that the additions for Viking plunderers were so great that they began to winter in Francia alternatively of returning to Scandinavia. In the early portion of the tenth-century, the Neustrian or Breton March was still regarded as portion of the Frankish land by the Franks. The Viking foraies reached their tallness during a period of instability in the Frankish lands. An component of fortune had played a portion in leting the Frankish male monarchs to govern over an undivided land for many old ages, in malice of the usage of spliting lands every bit between boies on the decease of their male parent. Peppin the Short, Carloman his boy and Charlemagne his grandson ruled over an unbroken land. But on the decease of Charlemagne ‘s boy Louis the Pious in 840, Francia was at last split. There was a period of atomization, with Francia divided into three lands: West Francia, Lotharingia, and East Francia. Charles the Simple, King of West Francia ( subsequently to go France ) from 898 to 922, regained pre-eminence in the Frankish lands after this period of battle, though other cabals existed. It was this political insta bility that Viking leaders exploited as they fought and befriended their Frankish opposite numbers.How make the histories assist?Historians who attempt to retrace the early history of Normandy face a figure of jobs. The beginnings are few and, worse still, their truth is frequently to be doubted. Palgrave warned that â€Å" if you accept the undertaking you must accept Dudo or allow the work entirely. † Today, the history of Dudo of St Quentin is viewed with so much intuition by historiographers that, even where his history runs with other modern-day authors, he is still distrusted. But without Dudo we have small grounds. The Frankish historian Flodoard of Reims[ 1 ]provides some information about Normandy in the first half of the ninth-century, there are a few mentions to early Normandy in Norse beginnings and even a late Welsh beginning. Later Norman beginnings for this period do be, but many of these are based on Dudo ‘s history, so must be treated with cautiousness. With such a deficiency of literary stuff, historiographers are left with the consequences of research from archeology and analysis of place-name. The reading of archeological grounds is hard and the decisions that can be drawn from it can be even more obscure than literary beginnings. The historiographer ‘s undertaking in chronicling early Norman history is therefore a hard one, and the decisions reached are, by necessity, limited in nature. Dudo of St Quentin was born c. 960 in Vermandois. He wrote De moribus et actis primorum Normanni? ducum ( The Deeds of the Early Dukes of Normandy ) from approximately 996 to the clip he became Dean of St Quentin in 1015. The earlier history, including some extremely questionable and fictional inside informations, was based on Virgil ‘s Aeneid and Jordanes ‘ Getica. His chief source for the inside informations of his history was Count Rodulf of Ivry. Commissioned originally by Duke Richard I, the history ended with the decease of Richard in 996. Dudo appears to cognize a great trade about Rollo, and he is the lone beginning for the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, where Charles the Simple granted Rollo the lands around Rouen in 911. Rollo is baptised and, in return, receives the grant of land. The bishops said to Rollo, who was unwilling to snog King Charles ‘s pes: â€Å" You who receive such a gift ought to snog the male monarch ‘s pes. † And he said: â€Å" I shall ne'er flex my articulatio genuss to another, nor shall I kiss anyone ‘s pes. † Compelled, nevertheless, by the supplications of the Franks, he ordered one of his soldiers to snog the male monarch ‘s pes. The adult male instantly seized the male monarch ‘s pes, put it to his oral cavity and kissed it while the male monarch was still standing. The male monarch fell level on his dorsum. This raised a great laugh and greatly stirred up the crowd. â€Å" A A great narrative, but about surely a fable. Dudo was the official chronicler of the Rollonid dynasty, and he portrays Rollo as the leader of the Vikings in many runs and conflicts, possibly excessively many for historiographers to believe it. The facts of Rollo ‘s early old ages as leader of the early Normans a re hence lost in the semblance of ulterior myths. Nonetheless, some of the indispensable inside informations in Dudo ‘s narrative have some cogency. Though Dudo is the lone beginning who dates the understanding between Rollo and Charles at 911, this does look to be a extremely plausible day of the month for the understanding. It is ill-defined when Viking plunderers began to settle in the coastal country, but there is some grounds from the few paperss that survive from this period. A Carolingian charter of 905 records Charles the Simple ‘s grant of two helot of the Crown from the pagus of Rouen to his Chancellor of the Exchequer Ernestus. This was the last royal charter in Normandy.A Three months subsequently, some thought of the convulsion in the part can be concluded from a charter of 906 that records the transportation of relics from Saint-Marcouf ( now in Manche, Basse-Normandie ) to Corbeny â€Å" because of the inordinate and drawn-out onslaughts of the heathens. â€Å" A A In 918, Charles the Simple granted the lands of the old abbey of La Croix-Saint-Leufroi to the abbey of Saint-Germanin-des-PresA â€Å" except that portion of the abbey ‘s lands that we have granted to the Normans of the Seine, viz. to Rollo and his followings, for the defense mechanism of the land. † A The p act entering this land grant to Rollo no longer exists, but it is clear that between the day of the months of these two royal announcements, Rollo and his followings had established themselves. The decisive event may hold been a conflict at Chartres in 911. Later Norman tradition tends to hold with this and places Rollo at the Centre of events, though some historiographers question this. One reading of the beginnings is that as a consequence of this conflict, the Vikings were appeased with a grant of land in order to incorporate and command them. Flodoard of Reims tells us that the Vikings had been granted the lands around Rouen â€Å" had some clip ago been given to the Northmen on history of the pledges of Charles who had promised them the comprehensiveness of the state. † Flodoard ‘s history is of import because it appears to give a modern-day position of the period. He was a canon of Reims, and wrote his annals from c. 925 until his decease in 966. The lone job is that he was some distance from Normandy, and the history of Normandy was non his chief concern. It is clear from his history that the Vikings and the Franks were in changeless battle. In 925, Flodoard records that â€Å" the Normans of Rouen broke the pact which they had one time made and devastated the territories [ pagi ] of Beauvais and Amiens. Those citizens of Amiens who were flying were burned by a fire for which they were ill-prepared. † The Franks responded by looting Rouen: â€Å" they set fire to manors, stole cowss and even killed some of the Normans. † Count Herbert led another force against the Vikings towards the E, and surrounded them in a cantonment on the coast.A A â€Å" It was this really same cantonment, situated on the seashore and called Eu that the Franks surrounded. They broke through the bulwark by which the cantonment was surrounded in forepart of its walls and weakening the wall, climbed all. Once they had won ownership of the town by contending, they so slaughtered all the males and put fire to its munitions. Some, nevertheless, escaped and took ownership of a certain neighbouring island. But the Franks attacked and captured it, although with a greater hold than when they had seized the town. After the Normans, who had been continuing their lives by contending as best they could, had seen what had happened and had let steal any hope of endurance, some plunged themselves into the moving ridges, some cut their pharynxs and some were killed by Frankish blades, while others died by their ain arms. And in this manner, one time everyone had been destroyed and an hideous sum of loot had been pillaged, the Franks returned to their district. † This graphic description gives historians a sense of the force of the age. The Vikings were marauding all across the northern coastal parts of Francia, though Neustria does look to be the chief country of their colony. However, they were surely non confined to this country, or prepared to accept its boundaries. In 937, Flodoard tells us, â€Å" The Bretons retreated to their fatherland after their long peregrinations fought in frequent conflicts with the Normans, who had invaded the district which had belonged to them, next to their ain. They ended up the stronger in many of these conflicts and reclaimed their ain district. â€Å" A Rollo is mentioned in 925 as princeps ( leader ) of the Northmen at Rouen. Although non mentioned at the clip, grounds from the 918 charter strongly suggests that the Norman chroniclers are right in stating that Rollo led the ground forces from the start. However, Dudo ‘s mention to the Treaty of St Clair-sur-Epte is unsubstantiated and should be dismissed as undependable. Dudo was besides misdirecting when depicting the footings of the colony. The granting of â€Å" the land from the river Epte † runs with the other beginnings, but the granting of Brittany does non. Neither does the scene of the arrant wilderness clasp true: if the land granted by Charles to the Vikings was â€Å" uncultivated by the plowshare, wholly deprived of herds of cowss and flocks of sheep and lacking in human life † , so why do Norse place-names merely form a minority of all place-names throughout Normandy? Entertaining though Dudo ‘s narrative may be, his history, and those of his followings and impersonators, can non be trusted for the early history of Normandy and historiographers must vacate themselves to set uping a few bare facts in the thick of ulterior deformations. The extension of Normandy ‘s boundary lines can be seen in Flodoard ‘s history. A King Ralph conceded Bayeux and Maine [ Cinomannis et Baiocae ] in 925 harmonizing to Flodoard, though there are uncertainties about the grant of Maine. Later in 933, the Normans were given Avranchin and Cotentin. Excluding Maine, this established Normandy in the approximative signifier that it existed in 1066. A The Cotentin peninsula was besides settled by Vikings independently of the Vikings under Rollo at Rouen. These early old ages were violent times. The Normans were invariably warring, contending with the Franks in 923, but chiefly concerned with spread outing their ain domain of influence. The people of Bayeux revolted against Viking regulation in 925, a twelvemonth after they had been transferred to the control of the counts of Rouen. Dudo recalls a rebellion against William Longsword by a certain Riulf: â€Å" ferociously filled with ill-famed perfidiousness † . Against all the emphasiss and the strains, against internal rebellion and external menaces, Normandy had secured its place by the center of the tenth-century and, though its security was threatened many times, the Norman district was strongly governed and able to throw off its enemies. This might possibly take us to see the pacts between the Franks and the Vikings as more important than they were at the clip. All the grounds suggests that the boundaries were comparatively unstable. Agreements were made, and Vikings baptised, but these baptisms frequently proved impermanent personal businesss. In the 920s, the archbishops of Rouen and Reims both wrote letters on the topic of Vikings who remained heathen despite holding converted. Herveus of Reims asked the Pope: â€Å" What should be done when they have been baptised and re-baptised, and after their baptism continue to populate in heathen manner, and in the mode of heathens kill Christians, slaughter priests, and, offering forfeits t o graven images, eat what has been offered? † There is small grounds for the widespread debut of Norse establishments or life style. Although in 1013 Duke Richard II welcomed a group of Vikings at Rouen, excessively much should non be read into this. The leaders, Richard and Olaf, may hold felt some commonalty, but this can non be discovered. Merely as Frankish Lords and male monarchs had welcomed Vikings and baptised them as Christians, in the hope of change overing them into a friend and non doing them an enemy, so Richard did with Olaf and his Vikings. Olaf had ravaged Brittany, but had allowed himself to be converted by Richard. The Normans were truly now more Franks than Scandinavians. Dudo claims that at the clip of William Longsword, Scandinavian address was disused at Rouen, and it is so likely that the native lingua was shortly adopted. On the Eve of the first Crusade, the Norman knight Bohemond was able to inquire, rhetorically, â€Å" Are we non Franks? †How does archeological and place-name grounds aid?The lan d divisions in Normandy appear to hold remained unchanged from the Frankish to the Norman eras. Jacques Le Maho ‘s survey of the Pays de Caux shows a continuity of seigneurial abodes, and it has been argued that there was greater continuity in this part than in other parts of Francia. The Vikings did convey bondage with them, but this did non last beyond the first century of business. The Normans seems to hold been extremely integrated with the Franks. One piece of grounds for this is the Fecamp coin host, including some coins struck at batchs in Cologne, Arles and Pavia. In Scandinavia, Norman coins discontinue to look in hosts after the early 11th century, looking alternatively in Francia and Italy. This suggests a continuance of merchandising links with Scandinavia for a piece, but with a steadily increasing Norman accent on contacts with the continent. Frankish justness was adopted ; the Norse thing did non go established. The survey of place-names provides an penetration into early Normano-Viking colony. The comprehensive survey undertaken by Jean Adigard des Gautrie tells the narrative of the Viking inflow. Taking all place-names with a possible or definite Norse influence, it can be seen that these are particularly legion in the Cotentin peninsula and along the seashore, with another big bunch in the Pays de Caux. They were besides legion â€Å" all along the great invasion path that was the Seine † and down the other rivers as good: grounds of the Vikings transporting on their raiding, going by ship across sea and along rivers. It seems rather likely that when Rollo had his territorial claims to Neustrian March recognised, he based his disposal around a coastal group of colonies already in being due to the activities of other Vikings over a figure of old ages. However, Norse place-names ne'er formed a local bulk over preexistent Frankish names, even in the countries of highest Norse place-name denseness. One account for this is the fleet acceptance of the local lingua by the Normans. Frank Stentonhttp: //www.manshead.beds.sch.uk/History/AS and A Level/The Normans in Europe/Normandy/Founding Normandy/when_did_the_vikings_become_norm.htm – _ftn10 made a good point when he compared place-names in Normandy and the English Danelaw. He pointed out that place-names with Viking personal name elements besides had Norse postfixs, for illustration Grimsby: the Viking personal name Grim and the postfix -by, the Norse word for small town. He compared this to Normandy, where place-names that have Viking personal names really frequently have native terminations, for illustration, A Gremonville, the stoping of which comes from the Latin Villa. The former indicates a big colony of Vikings, who named topographic points in their ain lingua. The latter might merely demo that while the Viking incomers founded and took over topographic points, it was the local population who really named these topographic points. This could be an indicant of the extent of the Viking colony in N ormandy. Archaeological grounds can state us small about early colony. Patrick Perik, analyzing the grounds found around the lower Seine, admits that the â€Å" archeological certification is singularly thin. † There is grounds for Norse presence: Viking blades and axes have been found, although Perin points out that despite two discoveries in the land that were likely buried as portion of a funeral, the weaponries found were all in the river. While this shows that Vikings were present here, it is non clear whether the discoveries are chiefly from colonies or chiefly from marauding hosts before the colony epoch. This grounds adds little to our cognition. It is clear that Northmen were present in Normandy for a long clip, but the archeology is scarce and can non be pinpointed in clip to give a clearer image of the early old ages of the Viking colony. The deficiency of discoveries does non problem David Bates unduly, though. â€Å" If an extended colonization can be argued for in Englan d despite the absence of important archeological discoveries, so the same decision seems executable for Normandy. † The deficiency of Viking discoveries does non automatically dismiss a ample Viking colony, but if this was the instance so the colonists really rapidly adopted Frankish imposts. Whatever the size of the colony, there is another argument on the velocity of integrating. â€Å" Whichever manner we turn † , writes Ralph Davies, â€Å" we have to acknowledge that the Viking society of Rollo and his comrades was something rather different from the Norman society of the 11th century. The one developed from the other, but the development was non effectual until the two races had merged and the Northmen had, for all practical intents, become Frenchmen. † The degree of integrating is hard to state, and David Bates and Eleanor Searle keep different positions on this. Bates believes that the Viking incomers rapidly became integrated into the native society, so that they had shortly adopted Frankish manners and establishments. Searle ‘s place is that they remained self-consciously Viking until the mid-eleventh century. The grounds for this period is patchy and frequently inconclusive. The early history of Normandy can be told magisterially merely in really au naturel and apparent footings. Tempting though it is to utilize more expansive and colorful Norman paperss, these tell us more about the demands of the developing Norman province than about its early history. For the period he records, 923-966, Flodoard of Reims seems to be a dependable beginning, though his chief focal point is non Normandy. As for the Norse impact on Normandy, there does non look to hold been an overpowering turbulence. Norse linguas appear non to hold been spoken more than three coevalss after the colony. Administrative territories were kept integral, estates seem to hold survived, and on the whole the Normans ruled through Frankish-style establishments. But Michel de Bouardhttp: //www.manshead.beds.sch.uk/History/AS and A Level/The Normans in Europe/Normandy/Founding Normandy/when_did_the_vikings_become_norm.htm – _ ftn14 warns against the simple premise of continuity merely because of a deficiency of institutional alteration. He talks of the â€Å" energy, the effectivity of ducal power in Normandy † and warns that we should ne'er bury the â€Å" human factor † in all this. Surely, Normandy grew as a power once the Vikings had taken control. There is grounds here for both continuity and discontinuity. Since the beginnings tell us so small, it is a argument that will be difficult to decide.

Theme for English B

Dwayne ThomasThomas 1 11/19/2012 Composition II Figures of Speech Essay The Literary Working of Theme for English B Langston Hughes’ instillation of metaphors throughout his poem accentuates the theme concerning the integration of schools which conveys America’s ode to freedom and equality. In addition to the metaphors, irony is also displayed within the carefully crafted work of art, stressing the ridiculousness of society’s digressing of unity and togetherness.These literary devices are shown by the speaker’s inquiry of the paper he is assigned by his white professor whom states, â€Å"let that page come out of you— then it will be true. † â€Å"I guess I’m what I feel and see and hear. Harlem, I hear you†, says the speaker as he is expressing the beginning of his paper. The fact that he only hears Harlem implies that he has lost touch with the feeling and visual context of the African American culture due to the integration o f schools. This does not necessarily expose a bad conception, for he still hears Harlem.Therefore, the idea is that the mixing of races within schools creates a melting pot that disregards feeling different and having opposite perspectives, but maintains the knowledge of where you come from. This is Hughes’ description of the American persona. The speaker extends this metaphor of the American persona even more by stating his enjoyment towards different styles of music, â€Å"I like†¦ records – Bessie, bop, or Bach. † This ranging style of musicality proves that though he is black he is no different than other people of Thomas 2 iverse ethnicity, providing another reasonable argument cooperating with the integration of public schools. Following the quote, the speaker explains, â€Å"I guess being colored doesn’t make me not like the same things other folks like who are other races. † The double negative presented in this quote symbolizes the do uble standard the society of America used during that time period. Though many people regardless of race enjoyed the same music, it was noted that the people of other races were vastly different and could not identify with any other race accordingly.With that, this quote further clarifies the similarity of diverse ethnicities. Hughes incorporates the paper the speaker writes, itself, as a metaphor as well. The physical paper itself represents, in a simplistic view, white people, as the words represent black people. Paper would not mean anything without words written on it, as words would be nothing without paper to put them on; referring to integration this simply means that the black schools and the white schools are two parts of one, and when put together they generate a meaning, an expression, a unified America.This point is emphasized by the speaker’s epiphany that his paper will be a part of the instructor as he explains, â€Å"You are white— yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. That’s American. † The second to last stanza in the poem demonstrates the ludicrous and child-like behavior between the two races, â€Å"you don’t want to be a part of me. Nor do I often want to be a part of you. But we are, that’s true! † This quote, nonetheless, highlights the fact that all of the races are a part of each other no matter how much it is disliked. And that each person learns something from one another, though others were considered â€Å"somewhat more free. In effect, this stanza thoroughly explicates the stressed meaning of the poem by exploiting the comparisons of every Thomas 3 race through humble scenarios. In addition, the last stanza, â€Å"This is my page for English B†, validates the speaker’s paper due to the professor’s claim that the page â€Å"will be true† if it comes â€Å"out of you†. Thus, Hughes cleverly rationalizes his agreement of integration. All in all, t he poem is utilized as a gateway to express the theme of union between different races through integration of public schools.In fact, the beginning of the poem rhymes as does the end, whilst the middle of the poem contains the persuading information. This may represent the two conflicting races being unified by the material discussing the principle of America, for at the beginning the professor speaks and the speaker speaks at the end (symbolizing the two races). Also, the main point within the poem is emphasized when the speaker lists the differing genres of music he likes, because they all begin with the letter â€Å"b†, as does the title of the work. So at that particular point, the theme is best expressed.Another impression is that the title names the letter â€Å"b† as symbol of society’s current position in life. â€Å"A† stands for America, and Hughes is attempting to state that we are not there yet, but rather a step below becoming true Americans because of the conflict between races straying us from unity. Through his employment of strong metaphors and a well use of irony, Hughes skillfully indicates his argument of a need for harmony within society by integrating schools – this being the central view as the â€Å"American† way within poem.

Public Policy in the American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Policy in the American Government - Essay Example From this study it is clear that after consideration of the various policy solutions, the federal government makes the decision on the best possible policy and may pass a law for the adoption of this new policy. A policy may be adopted following an executive order or after an important ruling by the Supreme Court. The next stage is the implementation process that is determined by the federal administrative agencies tasked with this process. An implementation may also involve punishment for failing to adhere to the set policy. The last stage in policy formulation is the evaluation stage where different agencies involved in policy making determine whether implementation has been successfully carried out. This stage may also involve much debate on whether the implementation has been successful or not and it may form the basis of another policy formulation.This discussion declares that  a particular interest group that will later on lobby the government to address the problem through p olicy formation may identify a problem. Once the problem is brought into the political domain, it becomes a political issue.  During the definition of a problem, conflict arises as different groups define the problem in ways that the policy is likely to suit their interests. Also, identification of the problem will be in such a way that the particular interest group will have control over the decision makers in agenda setting.