Marketing Mix for a Clothing Store free essay sample

As a clothing store which is focusing on local designed and European designed clothes, our products are going to be high-end, fashionable, green and unique. ?First, because the trend of   develops very fast, we want to encourage our designers to consider using green dressing materials or put some elements of eco-awareness in their creations. At the same time, we are going to use Environmental protection shopping bag in our business and use green materials to decorate our store. ?Second, the elements of FASHION are the main selling point for us. We are going to collect some latest designed creations from local designers in Vancouver or European cities. However, we know there are not all fashion design can be dressed everyday, so we want to pick the most feasible designs to produce, on the other hand, we also provide some photos and introduction for the designs that we didn’t pick, then customers can customize the cloth they want and we can provide the order process and delivery services for them, this is another way to make profit and save the total cost of goods for us. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix for a Clothing Store or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Third, because we want to emphasize the uniqueness of our products, then we are not going to mass-produce the design we pick. We want to make sure there is only several numbers of clothes in same design but different sizes. Because our design are latest and local young designer’s creations are not popular than famous designer’s, we want every cloth we sold has its designer’s own style, then we can maintain the uniqueness of our products. ?Forth, because we are going to sold unique, fashionable and green products to customers, these products should be high-end and have a good quality. PRICE Because our products are high-end and comparatively unique than other stores, our prices of product are going to be higher than common clothing stores. However, our products are not luxuries because we want the middle class family can afford the clothes, shoes and accessories that we provide to them. ?For the products we sold in local store: we want to double the price than the products in GAP or other popular clothing stores. ?For the customized products: we need to calculate the total amount of cost of ordering, production and delivery. We estimate the price of these products should be twice higher than our usual products. (I just guess this price thing, you guys decide it†¦. ) PROMOTION Because our main selling point is â€Å"local†, so our promotion strategy should focus on local market. ?We want to promote our store through local newspaper but the space of our advertisement in newspaper should not be too big. Consider of the cost of advertisement and the segment of market we pick, we need a moderate size but cool advertisement to match up to our store. We also want to exhibit our products or the latest fashion design to the local markets. So, we want to hold a launch party to exhibit these designs softly to potential customers. Not only when the store is opening, but we want to hold this kind of party seasonal. We can also invite the designers and VIP customers come to our party to communicate with each other. We think these parties can increase the brand loyalty and increase the times of exposure. ?W e also want to sponsor local match of fashion design when we have enough capitals. It is a good way to advertise our brand and make a good relationship with potential talent designers. PEOPLE Our target segment of clothing market is the people around 25-40 years old and have a higher than moderate income in each month. These people, rather than older people, buy cloth base on its design or whether it is popular, they like to spent hundreds of dollar to purchase some unique and fashion clothes and have a ability to afford their high-end taste. Indeed, rich people see these fashion clothes and their high prices as the symbol of their status and they let themselves to become the most profitable targets in the fashion clothes market. PLACE We have two channels to distribute our products, one is the tangible local store in Granville Street and another one is the intangible internet web-site. ?The reason why we want to host a web-site is that along with the development of the online security technology and online business, people want to purchase cloth online if we can provide them a more onvenient way to shopping. But, we must provide the pictures of products with high pixels and clear introductions of products and designers. ?For our local store, we want to set up a place with cool and modern internal design and can provide a soft environment to customers. In the store, we are going to play some local music to emphasize our characteristic and target market. The reason why we choose the Granville Street is (†¦. i really n ot familiar with this†¦please adds sth†¦)

How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000

How to Write a Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 What do bathrooms, bad breath, and stinky political candidates have in common? Apparently an ability to drive $100,000,000 in sales. Don’t believe me? It’s true. Those numbers come from video ads an agency called the Harmon Brothers  created for some brands that have great products- but deal with topics which can prove a bit tough for marketers. After all, marketing things like bathroom hygiene products and a candidate during an incendiary political season is no easy feat. However, the goal of marketing remains the same: content that converts an audience into advocates. Advocates into customers. And customers into raving evangelists who write us haikus. ^ You think I’m kidding about the poetry? Nope. Whether this content is a blog post, an ad, or an email campaign  makes no difference. What matters is the goal is always the same. The good news is the path to video marketing success can look more like the festival of colors  than suit-and-tie professionalism. And in this post we’re going to explore that path by diving deep into one of the aforementioned ads by the Harmon Brothers- whom I call the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ogilvys of irreverent video marketing.† Not only have their videos driven the aforementioned $100,000,000 in sales. But they also evoke uncommon responses from viewers. For example, when was the last time you saw people reacting like this to YouTube pre-roll ads? Or like this†¦ Or this†¦ Or my personal favorite Not bad, eh? Grab Your Free Video Script Writing Template Bundle Today, I’m going to show you how to write a video script patterned after the exact videos that inspired the above comments- and millions of purchases. You’re going to: See how you can get off to a painless start in your scriptwriting project with a free Microsoft Word video script template. Learn how to score the strength of your video script before you even shoot the first scene with our script scorecard tool. Get four annotated, line-by-line script samples of four hyper-successful ads with a script swipe file. Before you read on, grab your free kit with each of those free resources inside. You’ll definitely want to follow along, as we’ll be using them throughout the post. Got ‘em? Great. Now, let’s get in on this 💠©Ã‚  and crank out strings of killer marketing videos. How To Write A Video Script That Will Make $100,000,000 (Free Kit)The 5 Conversion Levers of Video Marketing I’ve been a fan of the Harmon Brothers’ work for awhile now. So when I set out to write better video scripts, their work was top of mind. I studied their ads and transcribed their scripts line-by-line. I analyzed their structure, flow, and affect. Nerdy- but helpful. As I did this, five patterns emerged- which I call the Five Conversion Levers. (If you’ve ever studied sales or direct response copywriting,  some of the persuasion tactics, like social proof, will be familiar.) So let’s overview them, then analyze a video ad. Recommended Reading: 16 Video Marketing Tips That Will Skyrocket Your Traffic These 5 Conversion Levers For Writing Video Scripts Are ... Pain and Promise Pain and promise clearly articulates your audience’s problem and then offers a compelling solution. (Hint: This will be a benefit your product or service.) This isn’t a revolutionary idea, but it is a great one-two punch. To use this lever well, focus on a â€Å"before/after† effect.Relate with your audience’s current experience, and then forecast what life will be like after your solution. This is also an excellent way to capitalize on searcher intent. This is a concept in keyword research where you’re inferring the problem a searcher is trying to solve via their search. Even if your video content is an ad, the hope is it will be shown with related content. Comparison Comparison just may be my favorite lever. This tactic uses the unsung heroes of marketing, metaphor and relatability, to do two things: Quickly connect with your audience Communicate your premise with them Another way to express this device is by using this formula: â€Å"It’s like [commonly understood topic] for [audience/problem]!† As an example, if I was writing a video script to advertise , I may say: â€Å"It’s like pressing the easy button for getting tons more traffic to your content!† Right away, the idea of Staples’ famous â€Å"Easy Button† is conjured and then applied to the problem my audience is trying to solve. Then, I can use the rest of the devices to substantiate this claim As another example, if I was promoting our Marketing Strategy Certification  for one of our courses, I could say: â€Å"It’s like Shark Tank for marketers!† Okay, I’d better stop. I really like these. Authority Authority is tried-and-true. And it makes the list because it works. The idea is appealing to an authority of some kind to further legitimize or prove your claims. Sort of a, â€Å"Don’t believe me? Well, Albert Einstein said it first!† The legitimate authorities to appeal to are: experts, contextualized data to tell a story, social proof, testimonials, and demonstration. (Note: If you’re a persuasion nerd, understand this is unlike the logical fallacy of appealing to authority.)‘Nuff said 👊 Entertainment Here’s the thing†¦ Yes your company’s bottom line is serious business. However, people like to have fun- even in so-called boring verticals. So if you can find and harness your product’s or service’s â€Å"fun† factor, you’re leagues ahead of the competition.This is a risk. But if you nail it, it can pay dividends. However, what if humor or high-energy vibes are wrong for your product or brand?For instance, what if you run marketing for a home security company?I don’t know about you, but I’m interested in a home security system that seriously works! I don’t need it to entertain me. So, if this is your product, service, or brand the portable concept is engaging. What’s the angle that will engross your audience? A great way to think about this is in a movie-genre paradigm. Not every movie is a comedy. We have dramas, thrillers, action movies, and the list goes on.No genre is outright better than the other. Instead, it’s about the story.So whether humor is the right move or not, discern the engrossing elements of your product or service, then bring it to the surface. Call-to-action (CTA) Yep- it’s the same â€Å"CTA† you always hear about. But, it’s too important to exclude and take for granted.No matter how elementary it may seem, a clear CTA is a fundamental component to a successful script.Though, we’ll tackle this common marketing trope from a different angle than business-as-usual. The five conversion levers you need to know for #video #marketing success are ...How To Write A Video Script Using The 5 Conversion Levers In the section below, we’re going to analyze and score one of the Harmon Brothers’ most popular ads. This way, we can see each conversion lever at work. Then we’ll discuss how we can use them in our video marketing, too. Now saddle up and make sure you’re in a place where you can LOL†¦ Because these ads are as hilarious as they are brilliant. The Unicorn Of Marketing Videos As I said above, the Harmon Brothers’ video ads generated over $100,000,000 in sales- and that’s just in 2016! Numbers like that should make you quick to attune your marketing antennae and see what they’re doing that works so well. You’re going to find the video (watch it first!), some relevant stats, a script score with explanation, and a structural analysis. Then, we’ll uncover how we can follow suit and put the same methods to our madness†¦ Or maybe madness to our methods? Either way, let’s get rockin’. Squatty Potty: Everyone Loves A Bathroom Joke- Few Can Sell With Them We’re going to study the infamously funny ad for the Squatty Potty. Sure, I could describe the tricky product the agency was tasked with advertising. But I’ll let the unicorn do it instead 🠦„🠍 ¦Ã°Å¸Å'ˆ Let me start by saying this ad spawned a toy  people actually buy. I mean, c’mon. When faced with such a sensitive topic, it’d be easy default to the sterile, science-y route. It’d be safe to have a doctor in a labcoat talk through the benefits of gastrointestinal health whilst tossing up some facts and figures. But not these guys. They tackled this unmentionable issue head on- and to incredible results. In total, this video has garnered over 150,000,000 cross-channel views and a whopping 1,500,000 social shares. On YouTube alone it’s been watched the equivalent of 97 years and shared over 700,000 times. That’s incredible traction. Pro Tip:  You can see the stats of nearly any YouTube video by simply clicking on the â€Å"More† tab below the video, then selecting â€Å"Statistics.† This will generate a chart like the one above. Check it out: Now, let’s demystify some of the magic that makes this video work. We’ll start with their script score. Conversion-Levers Script Scorecard Pain + Promise Score: 5 They continually highlighted the viewer’s current problem, then clearly articulated their product as the easy, breezy, and inexpensive solution. One of the clearest examples is the use of â€Å"before/after.† Or as the good prince says: â€Å"Kink, unkink. Kink, unkink.† At the 1:20 mark, they show a side-by-side with the viewer’s current pain displayed on the left (before) and the solution displayed on the right (after). Comparison Score: 5 Their use of metaphor is superb. From the moment the video begins, the ice-cream-ejecting unicorn is assumes the position of the product’s user. This allows the viewer to see him- or herself using the product in a somewhat charming- rather than nasty- way. It’s a funny, memorable way to explain the product. This is one â€Å"sticky† ad. (Okay, no more puns.) In their book, Made to Stick, Chip and Dan Heath explain that for an idea (or ad) to stick: It must be easily understood when people hear it. The idea must persist over time and stay with them. And it must change something about how people think or act. This use of the comparison lever certainly accomplishes each. Authority Score: 5 They leveraged authority on four levels in this video: Demonstration Experts Social proof Testimonial Throughout the video, the unicorn is acting as an animated Vanna White  by showing how the product works. It’s a visual demonstration showing the â€Å"science† of why you can trust this product to work. Then, at the 1:53 mark, we see an appeal to experts who apparently endorse the product: Then, about 10 seconds later, we see an example of social proof: The product’s authority is consistently reinforced by credible sources. This is a powerful setup for the CTAs. Entertainment Score: 5 This is the most subjective criterion on this scorecard. However, if you can combine entertainment and  substance, you can crush humdrum competitors with ease. To me, this is the most entertaining ad I’ve ever seen. It tells a story, has a jaw-dropping shock value, and it’s just plain funny. This video harnesses the â€Å"fun† factor of their product. Yes, it solves a universally human problem. But to talk about- and illustrate- it with such cheekiness and charm is where this ad shines. And honestly, I will never forget this image. Ever. Yep. Ice cream will never be the same. Call-to-Action Score: 4 Finally, we have the marketing linchpin: the call-to-action. Without a solid CTA ads are pretty much worthless. In this video, they do a nice job of building up to the CTAs. Without a solid CTA, ads are pretty much worthless.As you’ll see in the structural analysis below, they have two explicit opportunities for the viewer to act. Each is clear, succinct, and compelling. Technically there is a lingering CTA with the â€Å"SquattyPotty.com† button hanging out in the upper-right of the video frame. To strengthen this score, I think they could have included a third, softer CTA that was a quip about price. Something like: â€Å"And $25 isn’t bad for something you use more than your toaster.† (Not great. But you get the point.) In all, though, I thought the two CTAs were solid and compelling. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Call to Action in a Template With 6 Examples Total Overall Score: 24/25 There we have it- a killer score for what will become a legendary marketing video. Structural Analysis Now, let’s take a look at the bones of this video and see where each lever is pulled and how they work together. We’ve broken down the video’s components into a timeline for quick analysis: The big moments are the â€Å"product introduction† and of course the CTAs. The product introduction is the moment when the product (or service) is first introduced. (^I know†¦ A bit obvious.) A couple of points here. First, notice the Squatty Potty itself was introduced roughly 30 percent into the video. It wasn’t explicitly talked about first thing. This is important. Instead, the first third of the video was dedicated to establishing the â€Å"sticky† metaphor and highlighting the viewer’s pain. This makes the video relevant and  relatable. Then, once the pain is clearly outlined, we’re set up with a classic marketing promise that boils down to: â€Å"But what if I told you there’s a better way!† Second, observe that the next 30 percent of the video is dedicated to digging even further into the viewer’s problems. When you read this video’s script (included in your kit inside the swipe file) it’s helpful to see the structure they employ. They walk through the product’s benefits  line-by-line, explicitly relating them to the viewer’s life as a solution to their problem. This is a powerful copywriting device  described  by Brian Clark, founder of Copyblogger, as: â€Å"One of the most repeated rules of compelling copy is to stress benefits, not features.† They adopt a â€Å"[Viewer’s pain] [Product’s benefit that solves this pain†¦]† schema. This way every benefit is given context within the viewer’s daily experience. (When you read the script, count how many couplets you find. Then ask yourself if you can tie your product/service’s benefits directly to your audience’s pain.) Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy to Boost Your New Series How To Write A Winning Video Script Here’s the kicker. It’s always easier said- or shown- than done, right? Trying to implement new tactics can feel like falling prey to a Pinterest fail. (Source: BoredPanda) So we’re going to walk through each resource in your kit and put these principles into practice. This way we hit everything from project management to implementing the conversion levers to getting ultra-inspired. How To Manage A Scriptwriting Project What do you call it when a blueprint and a military general have a baby? A script. Marketing videos can have quite a few steps and stages. But the lifeblood of any great advertisement is the script. It details exactly what’s going to be said, what it’s going to look and sound like, and how everything will keen in sync. This is where the free Word script template comes in. It’s the file named â€Å"Marketing_Video_Script_Template† in your kit. It looks like this: It’s divided vertically into two columns. The left-hand column is for visual direction such as graphics, cuts, and actions. The right-hand column is for the lines (narration, dialogue, etc.), music direction, and sound effects. Those are a lot of details to manage and keep lined up on paper. But by using a column-based approach, you can keep everything organized and in line. However, the most important part is nailing the content and execution of the project itself. So, I’m going to walk you through how to use to manage a scriptwriting project. The tools we will use are and Google Docs  (or Microsoft Word!). (Btw: snag a free trial  to to follow along if you don’t already have an account!) The lifeblood of any ad is the script.Getting Started The Easy Way When you’re writing a video marketing script, you’re creating much more than a blog post. You’re drafting a battle plan for an entire team to execute on. I’ve managed this process on everything from napkins to whiteboards to apps, but I’ll share my favorite way to do this and keep it within our entire content marketing environment. To begin, make sure you create a brand new project by clicking on the â€Å"+† icon after you’ve logged in to your calendar. Once you start a new project, you’ll be prompted to choose the content type. I like to think long-term on projects with multiple phases. So I’m going to create a new â€Å"Video† project. Even though we’ll be focusing on the script right now, this sets us up for fantastic social video promotion  and analytics  for campaign optimization later. Now we hop into the details. Give your project a title (our headline analyzer  hates me, in this example) and then we’ll start assigning tasks. Let’s say the first sprint of our scriptwriting project has five major steps we want to get moving on immediately: Ideation Storyboarding Drafting Scoring Revision To start, I’ll simply add each of those as a â€Å"Task† and then assign it a person and a due date. Automatically, the assignee will receive a notification they have work to do (and they’ll see the deadline, too). Now our script document (or your template) enters the picture. You will choose how to edit your script content. In this instance, I’m going to use Google Docs. Though you can use a Word Doc and share the file back-and-forth if you’d like. (Here are the directions  on how to convert the Word Doc template into a Google Doc.) I’ll choose â€Å"Google Docs† as the content editor. Then, I will see a dialog that asks me to choose the document. I selected the â€Å"Marketing_Video_Script_Template† document. This means that all of the writing, commenting, and editing can be done in that single document. The nifty part is that will keep all of the aspects of project, task, and document management in a single dashboard. So each time you need to access the working script file, simply click on the link in the content project. Then you can simply assign tasks to each additional team member who will be working on (or reviewing) the video script. Recommended Reading: How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way How To Score Your Script Now that you have the tracks laid, it’s time to get the train chugging along. Before you or a team member draft a word of your video script, open up the file from your free kit called the â€Å"Conversion_Levers_Script_Scoring_Tool.† This is the scorecard you’ll use to grade the strength of your script. It looks like this: However, instead of writing the script first and then scoring it, I recommend finding the angles for each of them first. In essence, treat each point as a question about your product or service and then answer it. Those answers will then provide the beginnings of an outline for you. By moving this phase to the beginning of your process, you’re mining the raw materials you need to write a masterful marketing script. Here’s how to do this. Structure each lever as a question about your audience, like this: Chances are, you can take this exercise much further for your specific audience than I just did. So use those questions as a jumping point. But when you have each lever accounted for, you can start pulling them! If you start here, it will catapult both the effectiveness and  efficiency of your scriptwriting process. And as a bonus, the best way to do this is to answer these questions as a team. Heck, why not use it as an excuse to get sales and marketing together and let the fireworks fly? Then, after you’ve written the first draft of your script, swoop in with your red pen and score your work. You’ll give yourself a grade of 1–5 for each lever. Then the genius-brain inside of Excel will automatically calculate your script’s overall score. To start, aim for a score of 4+ on each- and settle for nothing less than a score of 18+. The final benefit to this process is you’ll know exactly where your script is weak. This way you don’t face the problem of knowing your script stinks, but not knowing how to fix it! I’ve been there†¦ And it’s no fun :)

How can tourism promote urban economy of Tokyo Essay

How can tourism promote urban economy of Tokyo - Essay Example The analysis indicated, as many authors have also pointed out, that tourism creates massive economic impact on the city, yet, it also accompanies with it the cost especially on environment. While the number of tourists increases, the environment and social costs starts getting bigger as it can be seen from research, for example an increase in the number of crime cases in the society as well as the degree of pollution brought by massive tourist visiting Tokyo are the glaring examples of such ill effects. It is true that the tourism development tended to focus on the economic developments without considering the environment and social costs due to the difficulty of measuring such impacts and the limited information of those environment and social consequences. Economic impact can be measured at the time when tourists arrive in the country, but the environment and social impact can not be measured at the same time when tourist visits. Environment and social consequences will appear in a different way but is difficult to link the cause and effect because of its time lug. The effect will be apparent only after a while. As a conclusion, if the increasing number of tourist accompany with the cost, it can be recommended that increasing the duration of stay rather than increasing the number of tourist is the best option for Tokyo. It leads to the assumption that the same economic impact can be brought on the city minimising the environment and social costs on Tokyo. However, tourism is one of business which asks for profit, therefore this recommendation may not appear realistic. Yet for sustainable tourism development, it can be considered a necessity to re-reorganise the city attractions and to link tourism promotional policies with regional planning.

The Condition of U.S. Bridges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Condition of U.S. Bridges - Research Paper Example As a result of years of declining budgets with respect to bridge repair, it is estimated that only one in the ninth bridges are currently considered as â€Å"structurally deficient†. The underlying reason for the lack of funding that bridge repair has been able to affect over the past several years can be linked to various factors. One of the first factors that should be considered is with respect to declining overall revenue that gas taxes have been able to drive. As the cost of a gallon of gasoline has risen precipitously over the past 20 years the response by both federal and state government was to decrease the overall tax burden that was leveraged against this particular commodity. Naturally, the underlying goal for such an approach was to make the resource more affordable to the population; thereby increasing mobility and decreasing the overall rates of joblessness that the economy would otherwise experience. However, a downside to this approach was the fact that federal and state revenue that was earned on each and every gallon of fuel sold was not able to meet the same levels as it had during the 1980s and 1990s. As the reader can reasonably expect, the inability of revenue to keep up with the increased requirements of infrastructure repair created a situation in which a veritable avalanche of projects competed for repair by increasingly reduced levels of funding. Research into the current state of the nation’s bridges estimates that by 2025, fully  ¼ bridges will be over 65 years old.

Close Reading or Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Close Reading or Literary Analysis - Essay Example As an apostrophe, Donne is addressing an anthropomorphized Death and informs the character that it is not as powerful as some people make it out to be. The poem â€Å"demonstrates the impotence and the self-destructiveness of the antagonist† (Tromly 391). Donne begins the poem by directly addressing death, â€Å"Death be not proud,† and then admitting that some people might hold death in a revered place: â€Å"though some have called thee/ Mighty and dreadful† (1-2). Obviously, it is rather banal to have to point out the fact that the single event that all people that are alive cannot deter is that they will all die. There are no exceptions to this, and this is one of the few truisms that goes without anybody being able to form an argument against it. Considering this, the position that death is a powerful figure that is deserving of fear and respect seems like a difficult position to try to argue against. Of course, this would not have been a memorable or interesting poem if it had merely stated this obvious fact. The paradox that Donne creates is what makes this poem so well known. After informing death that it had nothing to be proud of, Donne then informs the character why this is the case: â€Å"For those, whom thou thinks’t, thou dost overthrow,/ Die not, poore death, nor yet canst thou kill me† (3-4). As Donne states, the people that death thinks it has killed were not actually killed by death. Beyond this, death also does not have the ability to kill the poet as well. Considering that the poet has been dead for centuries, Donne is obviously going to have to thoroughly explain why exactly this is true. Donne then begins to explain his reasons. First he states that death is not much difference in appearance from taking a nap: â€Å"From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee,/ Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow† (5-6). Following the reasoning that resting or sleeping reinvigorates people and make them more able to enjoy

Aesthetics and Sound of Japanese Horror Films 1990s-2000

Aesthetics and Sound of Japanese Horror Films 1990s-2000 Analyse the aesthetics and sound of Japanese horror films from late 1990s to early 2000s World Cinema is typically used to refer to films of non-English speaking countries and has a representation to take the least amount of dominance in popularity compared to the works of Hollywood cinema. However, since the evalutiton of cinema My critical analysis will be viewing the television programme as a representation of escapism from real life events by considering the ways in which media texts change our perspective on entertainment through the codes and conventions of narrative and genre.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   I will take the Waking Dead series and look at what drives the narrative forward in which the story, characters and sequence of events, is put together within the script. The effects of this will come in to play as I list the relative media theorists such as, Vladimir Propp and Barthes to gain a better understanding. The horror genre has been utilized especially in film as a way to startle viewers as its primary objective. Consistently, its most used ordered structure of a: beginning, middle and end can be argued as unsurprising. Over time, in order to bring in new audiences, the horror genre has been forced to adapt its context by perhaps a use of hybrids or a new type of subgenre to suit a particular need as well as continuing to scare and entertain. A case of this can been seen through an examination of the American horror film Scream (released in 1996) and Japanese Horror Ringu (1998) as noted, Hollywood horror films are generally overwhelmed by the slasher subgenre as it depends on gore and physical brutality while, the Japanese, utilized the mental or rather psychological subgenre that ordinarily include ghost, spirits and possession. As mainstream Ring seemed to be, it turned into the first western remake of a Japanese awfulness great, entitled: The Ring (2002), this made ready for some J-horror revamps that started a worldwide enthusiasm for the Japanese wide screen and culture now with the term J-horror turning into its very own category outside Japan.   In the past decade, few countries have received more attention from Hollywood than Japan. Indeed, its folkloric legends and eerie aesthetics have in many ways revolutionised the horror genre. This essay will look at the relationship between American and Japanese cinema and explore how the two countries overcame cultural differences in order to develop a successful horror film cycle. The first section will describe how American and Japanese cinema have influenced each other over the years. In the second part, the phenomenon of J-horror will be analysed in order to demonstrate how remakes have contributed to the Western understanding of Japanese horror films. Ultimately, the final section will look at the implications of this interrelationship in terms of the accessibility of Japanese films in Western culture, and the growing importance of transnational cinema. Although the recent embrace of J-horror by American filmmakers and audiences has received a great deal of media and critical attention, Hollywoods affinity for Japanese cinema is in no way a new phenomenon. In fact, both countries have influenced each other for many decades. This led to the 1917 version of his own film The Loyal Forty-Seven Ronin (Japan 1912). Incidentally, after many adaptations this film is now being remade for the American public as 47 Ronin (Carl Rinsch, USA 2012). Similarly, after the Second World War, some Japanese films began to attract the attention of the American audiences, particularly Gojira (Godzilla, Ishiro Honda, Japan 1954) which mirrored the apocalyptic cultural fears of the 1950s American science-fiction films, and Shichinin no Samurai (Seven Samurai, Akira Kurosawa, Japan 1954), a film that influenced a number of Hollywood adaptations. Interestingly, it was around this time, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, that anime became extremely popular in the Western culture (Napier 2005: 22). Writing about the global success of anime, Susan J. Napier points out that: Anime is indeed exotic to the West in that it is made in Japan, but the world of anime itself occupies its own space that is not necessarily coincident with that of Japan. [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] It is thus a particularly apt candidate for participation in a transnational, stateless culture (2005: 24). The popularity and critical attention that anime has received introduced many Western viewers to Japanese cinema. It can then be suggested that this trend has opened a Japanese niche market in America, indirectly contributing to the introduction of what has come to be known as J-horror. This Hollywood take up of Japanese films which were strongly inspired by the American horror genre, constitutes an unprecedented example of the cross-fertilisation between Hollywood and Japanese cinema. At the turn of the century, as Steffen Hantke explains in his study of Japanese horror, America was in need of a new horror film cycle (2005: 54). Franchises like Halloween (John Carpenter, USA 1978) and Friday the 13th (Sean S. Cunningham, USA 1980) had countless remakes, and the industry would only produce horror films like Scream (Wes Craven, USA 1996) that were so filled with self-referential humour that the genre had lost its terrifying appeal. In 1998, the horror film Ringu (Hideo Nakata, Japan 1998) was extremely successful in Japan. Hollywood producers saw an opportunity for a return to a more gothic form of horror with an exotic twist. Gary G. Xu explains the appeal of the Japanese horror genre to Hollywood: There is a certain aura in Japanese ghost fiction and films, often filled with womens grudges against men who deserted or injured them. Unlike most ghost stories in the West that seek moments of shock and harmless thrills, the Japanese ghost stories tend to allow the aura to linger, to permeate, or to literally haunt the audience (2008: 192). In order to adapt the film successfully, the Japanese specificities of Ringu, such as the slow atmospheric pace and the compassion with wronged spirits were adapted for a more Western audience: more closure was added and the ghost became a manifestation of evil. The remake that followed, The Ring (Gore Verbinski, USA 2002) grossed $250 million worldwide (Xu 2008: 192), encouraging a franchise and numerous subsequent remakes of Japanese horror films. This enthusiasm has encouraged many Western horror fans to watch the original movies and to seek out more Japanese films. Consequently, scholars have questioned this new-found popularity, including the ways these films could translate to the common Western spectator. Indeed, the Japanese culture is known to be extremely rich and different from the Western one. Although Japan is a highly modernised country, traditional values remain that might not be understood by every Western viewer. One of these scholars, Ruth Goldberg, discusses two ways for audiences to read foreign films: in terms of cultural specificity or as acts of translation to foreign audiences (2004: 371). Similarly, Hantke quotes Masao Miyoshi who speaks in terms of domestication and neutralization (2005:62): To restore the accustomed equilibrium, Miyoshi writes, the reader either domesticates or neutralizes the exoticism of the text. The strategy for domestication is to exaggerate the familiar aspects of the text and thereby disperse its discreteness in the hegemonic sphere of first world literature, [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the plan for neutralization [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] operates by distancing the menacing source, defusing its otherness with [s]uch pseudocomments as delicate, lyrical, or suggestive, if not illogical, impenetrable, or incoherent (Miyoshi quoted in Hantke 2005: 62). Simply put, the films cultural specificity can be either recognised by the viewer, dismissed as exotic, or they can be replaced altogether by a universal reading which makes the text more accessible when it does not lead to misinterpretations. For example, Ringu is culturally specific in the sense that is part of the Japanese kaidan (ghost story) genre which derives from the traditional plays of the Noh and Kabuki theatre (McRoy 2008: 6). As the writer of Ringu, Koji Suzuki explains, this folklore has a different perspective on ghosts than the Western tradition: In America and Europe most horror movies tell the story of the extermination of evil spirits. Japanese horror movies end with a suggestion that the spirit still remains at large. Thats because the Japanese dont regard spirits only as enemies, but as beings that co-exist with this world of ours (Suzuki quoted in Branston and Stafford 2006: 98). Furthermore, Ringu reveals national fears related to the increase of divorces and the new gender roles: nowadays, Japanese women often have careers and are no longer full time mothers. As Goldberg puts it, Ringu reflect[s] in microcosm the anxious tension between tradition and modernity that looms large in the nations sensibility (2004: 371). On the other hand, using Myoshis expression, the film can easily be domesticated by Western audiences: Nakata has named The Exorcist (William Friedkin, USA 1973) and Poltergeist (Tobe Hooper, USA 1982) amonghis influences (Branston and Stafford 2006: 98). Moreover, Ringu refers to the teen culture that is so common to the American horror film, comprises the typical final girl and the themes of technophobia and broken families that have populated cinema for the past two decades. In this way, it has been suggested that Nakata manages to strike a genuinely alarming balance between the cultural depths of Japanese folklore, and the surface sheen of l atter day teen culture (Kermode 2000). In adapting the film for Western viewers, Gore Verbinski ignored the Japanese cultural specificities and focused on fully domesticating the film. However, as the following will demonstrate, he preserved some memorable and eerie images from the original production which would become the markers of J-horror. Drawing its inspiration from A Nightmare on Elm Street (Wes Craven, USA 1984) and Friday the 13th(see McRoy 2005: 176),   Ju-On (Takashi Simizu, Japan 2002) is a similar hybrid between American horror classics and the kaidan tradition. When Simizu remade the film as The Grudge (Takashi Simizu, USA 2004) for an American audience, he filmed the ghost of Kayako in the same way as Sayakos in The Ring: a faceless head covered by long black hair that reveal only one eye. In imitating this successful film, it can be suggested that Simizu was constructing a deliberate relationship between the two films and, as such, conforming to Western expectations about a vengeful ghost in the Japanese horror film (Balmain 2008: 189). This new symbol of horror began to appear repeatedly not only in Japanese films like Honogurai Mizu no Soko Kara (Dark Water, Hideo Nakata, Japan 2002) but also in other East-Asian films like Janghwa, Hongryeon (A Tale of Two Sisters, Jee-woon Kim, Korea 2003). When p ut in its original linguistic and cultural context, the characteristic appearance of this spirit is understandable. Indeed, in Japanese, the term kurokami is a homonym meaning both black hair and black spirit. In addition, Jay McRoy describes the cultural significance of the hair and single eye: These physiological details carried a substantial cultural and aesthetic weight, as long black hair is often aligned in the Japanese popular imaginary with conceptualisations of feminine beauty and sensuality, and the image of the gazing female eye (or eyes) is frequently associated with vaginal imagery (2008: 6-7) Consequently, it only makes sense that a ghost with bad intentions, especially a beautiful woman that has been wronged and seeks revenge, would be represented with long black hair. By repeating this image across films, it was slowly converted into Western culture from a culturally specific symbol to an immediately recognisable piece of horror iconography. This image could very well have participated in making J-horror a cult phenomenon. On the other hand, this repetition was quickly starting to remind audiences of the overly repeated American horror franchises and raised criticisms, such as Grady Hendrixs, who has seen enough of the long-haired-dead-wet-chick (quoted in McRoy 2008: 173). The never-ending American remakes have also exasperated Japanese filmmakers like Ju-On director Simizu. In response, he released the short film Blonde Kaidan (Takashi Simizu, Japan 2004) which portrays a Japanese filmmaker haunted by a blonde spirit, parodying the obsession of American producers for interchangeable blonde heroines. The upside of this recurring visual trope is that it has helped popularise the Japanese horror film and positioned the genre into the mainstream. In fact, studying the American horror fans reception of J-horror, Matt Hills points out that: The remakes success is viewed positively, as providing a platform for the cult texts wider availability [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. Hollywood remakes are thus positioned as relatively inauthentic/inferior texts that nevertheless allow the cult original to move beyond its initial underground status, a shift that is embraced, as if culturally validating the fans love of Ringu et al (2005:164). With Japanese horror becoming a bigger part of popular culture, Western audiences encouraged the distribution of more violent and original Japanese horror films that often offer more thrills and depth than the popular likes of Saw (James Wan, USA 2004-2010) and Hostel (Eli Roth, USA 2005-2007). Indeed, as Jay McRoy puts it, these disturbing films offer visceral visions interlaced with a degree of stinging social satire rarely seen in works of Western horror directors (McRoy 2008: 10). For example, new cult films include the shocking social satire Batoru Rowaiaru (Battle Royale, Kinji Fukasaku, Japan 2000) and the disturbing and genre-bending Odishon (Audition, Takashi Miike, Japan 1999). As a result, it can be argued that the multiplicity and repetition of American remakes have familiarised their viewers with elements that used to be typically Japanese. Their cultural specificity has become more transparent, and in this way, they have come to transcend their original folkloric refere nces. The fact that genre films from distant cultures have nowadays become so accessible to popular understanding is a sign of the increased transnationalism of film culture. As Elizabeth Ezra and Terry Rowden explain: Without succumbing to the exoticizing representational practices of mainstream Hollywood films, transnational cinema which by definition has its own globalizing imperatives transcends the national as autonomous cultural particularity while respecting it as a powerful symbolic force. The category of the transnational allows us to recognize the hybridity of much new Hollywood cinema (2006: 2). This transnationalism is therefore characterised not only by the American remakes or re-interpretation of foreign films, but also by the ability of foreign films to represent universal issues and thereby transcend their cultural specificity. Ruth Goldberg, who is quoted above as saying that the Japanese horror film can be read as culturally specific or as an act of translations to foreign audiences, ultimately adds that a third possibility can be to use elements of both approaches (2004: 382). This more balanced mode of spectatorship could be referred to as the transnational reading. As suggested earlier, the cycle of Japanese remakes in America is very likely to have educated audiences to this broader reading of Japanese films. This worked to strengthen the foreign film market in the United States, a country that has been long renowned for its aversion to subtitles. In fact, not only did Hollywood never hide that their new cycle of horror films were remakes of Japanese movies, but t he viewings of the original versions were encouraged through cross promotion. For example, while discussing the special features on the DVD of the Hollywood remake The Ring, Chuck Tryon observes that the selection Look Here invites viewers to watch a trailer for the Japanese original, which was distributed in conjunction with the DVD version of the American remake (2009: 24). The remake, in this way, acted as a transition between American and Japanese horror. Interestingly, the advent of the DVD format proved to be fundamental not only to the popularity of Japanese horror, but to its transnational reading. Indeed, the availability of subtitles on DVDs makes it easier for people to acquire movies that are not available in their country or language. If the original Japanese versions are distributed in Western countries, the films are usually complemented with special features to allow a better understanding and reading of the cultural specificities. For instance, the 2 Disc Special Collectors Edition DVD of Ju-On offers a large number of special features including: interviews and commentaries with the director and a selection of actors, a Ju-On True Stories Featurettes and an Exclusive Feature-Length Audio Commentary with Asian Cinema Expert, Bey Logan. These features are included to educate the viewers in their transnational reading of the film, giving them a clearer understanding of the Japanese culture in order to approach the cultural s pecificities of the movie with an informed mind. In addition to the remakes and the transnational format that is the DVD, many Japanese films owe their success to the Internet. Indeed, this medium provides endless possibilities for film discoveries and international communication. One can, for instance, mention the emergence of the online grassroots participatory culture, which Henry Jenkins describes as a bottom-up consumer-driven process (2006: 18): consumers can now actively influence the production and distribution of films by highlighting the existence of niche markets. Other benefits of the Internet in terms of promoting transnational cinema are the unlimited availability of short films from all over the world, and the forums where international users are given the opportunity to discuss their opinions on films and share their interpretations. In this way, they encourage transnational readings of films along with the expansion of the foreign film market in America. Japanese films have inspired the American movie industry for decades. However, their films were always adapted for the Western culture and stripped of their deeper cultural meanings.   Apart from a handful of productions that became international classics like Godzilla and Seven Samourai, Japanese film culture remained quite obscure until the success of Japanese horror. A series of American remakes called attention to the existence of this genre that portrayed terrifying horror filled with deep significance: either specific to the Japanese culture or universal. Some factors such as DVD distribution, the Internet and active fan culture led to the increased distribution of these films in America, and strengthened viewers involvement in transnational film culture. Thus, through its multitude of adaptations and hiring of international filmmakers, Hollywood has become central to the crossover of cultural boundaries at a time of rapid globalisation.

Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers

Operations Management Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ... Operations Management Essay -- essays research papers Operations Management Operations management focuses on managing the processes of producing and distributing products and services. Operations activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. It deals with all operations within the organization. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In operation management a great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Efficiency is when processes are being completed at the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness is having the right processes that will create the most value for the company. In addition, operations processes depend solely on the decisions made by management. When management makes decisions, the concept of ethics comes in to play. Managers who fail to provide leadership and incorporate systems that facilitate ethical conduct share responsibility with those who knowingly benefit from corporate misdeeds. Executives who ignore ethics run the risk of personal and corporate liability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One example would be Bank of America (BofA), the bank that I currently bank with. BofA has begun operations of combining ...

Pr Elements and Functions

5. Programme Elements. PR is skill oriented profession. Major elements are:- (a)Media relations. (b)Advertising and advertorials. (c)Audio-visual production. (d)Brochures. (e)Briefing papers. (f)Corporate identity. (g)Exhibitions and displays, (h)House journals, news letters and bulletins. (j)Photography. (k)Presentation, conference and seminars. (l)Research (public opinion). (m)Sponsorships. (n)Websites – internet, email communication in PR programme, PR TV, PR radio and PR film. 6. Merit In-House Department. (a)Integral so known to all other department.Better communication for collection of information. (b)Permanent employees so understand company more closely. Can respond immediately and involve in day to day operation (c)Easy to collect background material easily.. House journal, annual report, corporate frofile, documentary easily made. (d)Will be on the spot in crisis situation. (e)Full time service without additional expenditure. (f)More economical. Can dovetail materia ls used. 7. Limitations In-House PR Department. (a)Being employee uncritical and biased. b)Can not have varied experience. (c)Transfers so continuity suffers. (d)Sometimes drawn without training and education so tend to be non-professional Management of PR Department 1. Good management principles are most essentials for good PR. Basic elements to manage PR Department 1. Basic Structure of PR Department affects implementation of PR management.. 2. PR Practice. In India three methods – In-House PR department, PR consultancy (can result in maximum expertise) and mix oftwo suitable for large organisations..PR Consultancy. 3. PR Department. Size related to size of organisation. 4. PR as Top Management. PR should have a voice to shape mission and strategic planning. Director should report to CEO. 5. Areas of PR Department. Sectors of PR Department are:- (a)Employees PR (b)Financial and shareholders PR (c)Suppliers Relations (d)Distributors and dealers PR (e)Customers Relations mana gement (f)Marketing PR (g)Govt Relations. (h)Crisis management (j)Corporate advertising k)Reputation management and media relations management. (l)communityRelations and social responsibility 6. Major Events. Company centenary celebration, new product launch, Company merger. Advance planning is key. Checklist to include objectives, audience, budget, detailed programme, messages, venue, date and time, invitation forma& list of invitee, catering, PA system, lighting, flower, commentator, seating & table plan, minute to minute programme, media coverage, photo & video coverage, rehearsals. . Functions of PR Department. (a)Interpret public opinion. (b)Keep management informed. (c)Conduct opinion research. (d)Carryout PR programme. (e)Inform public. (f)Identify adverse criticism. (g)Issue clarifications. (h)House journal. (j)Training in PR. (k)Employee cooperation programme. (l)Open house programmes. 8. Feedback is an important facet.

Long Tail Marketing Essay

Long Tail Marketing Essay Long Tail Marketing Essay Are you wondering what this long-tail marketing is? Me too!! The bookish definition says: ‘Long Tail Marketing is a technique to increase sales while decreasing the cost per sale by developing and selling to thousands of niche markets. It has implications within search engine marketing, online selling and advertising purchases’ Woo, that’s too technical, but what I understand is that the bottom line is to increase sales. Well, this is what any SBU would aim for. We have read about the strategies of doing this in Prof. Philip Kotler’s Marketing Management text book. I didn’t read or hear anything like long tail there. So when I first heard this term it urged me to start exploring about it and how it is related to marketing. Well here’s what I have understood and found. The term long tail is coined by Chris Anderson, the editor in chief of Wired magazine. He is also a writer and author of his 2006 book, The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More. â€Å"Selling less of more† well that’s interesting! It is said, he brought to light how the technological era and Ecommerce is changing today’s Marketing and Economics strategy. What he meant is that selling small volumes of hard-to-find or unique items to many customers helps organization to realize significant profit compared to selling large volumes of popular items to few customers. The total sale of this large number of â€Å"non-popular items† is called "the long tail". How it works and the way it is different from the traditional sales cycle I would like to explain this further with an example. Suppose you own a record store. In that store your physical area is limited to what you can easily keep in stock and have readily available. As the saying goes, 20% of sale of the select or popular albums will account for 80% of your revenue. Keeping this in mind and also due to the physical limitation of inventory, it would be in your best interest to stock and fill your shelf space with the more popular items which thereby limits your chances of stocking the less popular or niche obscure albums which will have less demand. So now just think what can happen if we can take away the physical barriers and go to electronic distribution! We know that online music stores has virtually limitless inventory. This would allow us to keep even the most uncommon or niche albums in stock all of the time. Here is the interesting part. Due to the amount of large volume and available choices to your audience you will find enough demand for all of your obscure albums which will actually make up to a substantial part of your business. Selling very few copies of an enormous amount of different albums adds up to a significant part of the revenue compared to selling more copies of few albums. ITunes’s worst performing albums still get a few downloads every couple of months. Knowing that the long tail part of the distribution curve can make up a significant part of revenue is what I feel is pushing companies to go online and sell their products. Thus the boom of digital marketing is happening. The firms can carry more products at virtually no extra cost. Companies like Amazon, Apple and Yahoo have already imbibed this strategy and we all know the result. An example from Chris Anderson’s

Which Short Haircut for Women Fits You 13 Great Hairstyles

Which Short Haircut for Women Fits You 13 Great Hairstyles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve poured over hair inspiration Pinterest boards. You’ve photoshopped celebrity haircuts onto your head. You’ve pinned up the ends of your hair to make a faux bob. And you’ve decided: it’s time to get a short haircut. Women are often nervous to crop their locks, even once they’ve made up their mind to take the plunge. You might worry that the cut you choose won’t flatter your face or will be impossible to style. You could be concerned about grave miscommunications with your stylist. Well, worry no longer! In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about short haircuts for women. What should you consider before going short? How do you pick a style flattering to your face shape and hair texture? What short hairstyles for women are even out there? And what cute hairstyles for short hair are out there once you do have shorn locks? It’s all here in this comprehensive guide. Why Go for Short Hair? Especially if you’ve worn your hair long all your life, cutting your locks short can seem like a big step. So what are some of the potential advantages to short hair for women? Unique Style Not very many women rock a short cut, so cutting your hair short will help you to stand out in a crowd. If you like being a little bold and unconventional, a short haircut for women could be for you! By contrast, if you aren’t comfortable with people paying extra attention to you because of your haircut, it may be best to stick with something more conventional (like a lob or shoulder-length cut at the shortest). Show Off Your Face Short haircuts for women really show off facial features. If you feel like your face is always getting lost in a cloud of hair, consider chopping it off. Lower Maintenance (Sort Of) Short hairstyles for women can definitely shorten showering times! Additionally, if you have a wash-and-go style that doesn’t require a lot of styling, you can get out the door faster and spend less time doing your hair overall. However, you will probably need to get trims more often. Furthermore, if you choose a cut that requires a lot of styling, you’ll still be spending a lot of time making your ‘do look ready to go every day. Your Head Will Feel Lighter! This is no joke- if your head’s feeling heavy or you find yourself always pulling hair up out of your face, a short haircut will help your head feel lighter, and you will just be generally less overwhelmed by hair. Show Off Your Hair Texture Short haircuts for women can be a really great way to show off the natural texture of a woman’s hair, whatever it is. Many women with longer hair engage in lots of styling every day to conceal their natural texture. But short hair can really show off a wave or curl or voluminous or thick hair to great advantage. Show off curls with a short cut! Look Taller Women’s short haircuts draw the eye upward to the face. This can make you look taller. A longer haircut draws the eye downward, which makes you look shorter. Versatility Short hair is incredibly versatile. It’s true that you won’t be able to get your hair into Game-of-Thrones braids or complicated updos. However, short haircuts for women make up for this through their sheer versatility in other ways. Without too much styling effort and the judicious deployment of hair accessories, short hairstyles for women can be polished, fancy, punk, professional, sleek, messy, and so on. Drastic Change Maybe you just feel like getting a drastic change. If you’re stuck in a hair or style rut and you are looking for a reason to transform your look, a short haircut could be just the thing for you. However, if this is a spur-of-the-moment decision because you just went through a layoff, a breakup, or other major life upheaval, consider waiting a few days to see if you still want to chop it all off. It comes off much faster than it grows back, and if you still want the wild cut in four days when your emotions have cooled, you’ll still be able to get it. Pulling Off Wilder Hair Colors It’s a little easier to pull off wilder hair colors (think anything not found in nature) with short hair, simply because the punch of unnatural color is by definition subtler with shorter hair. Not that there’s anything wrong with a bold hair color statement, but depending on your lifestyle and profession, you may have an easier time getting away with a purple pixie cut than a long mane of purple. Plus, if you dye the hair yourself, it’s much easier (and cheaper) to maintain a rainbow-brite hair color on short hair. If your heart is set on striped hair, consider going short. 6 Considerations When Choosing a Short Haircut If you do decide to go short, there are several things you need to consider in order to choose the best short haircut for you. Face Shape Your face shape goes a long way in determining what short hairstyles for women will look best on you; see the next section for tips on determining your face shape. Hair Texture Hair texture also determines what cuts will look good on you. Super-curly girls may have trouble with the shortest cuts. Short hairstyles for fine hair or straight hair may need layers for added body. Short haircuts for thick hair should play up the hair’s thickness without creating a look that’s too blunt or boxy. We’ll go over hair texture in more detail later on in the article. Time for Styling and Maintenance How much time you have for styling and hair maintenance is another big factor in what short style you should get. If you don’t have a lot of time to style in the mornings, it’s doubly important that your style is wash-and-go and works well with what your hair naturally does. If you don’t mind styling, you can get away with more haircuts, but you could be spending a lot more time in front of the mirror! Also, the shorter the cut is, the more often you’ll need a trim to maintain it. If you don’t want to be in the salon every 4-6 weeks, consider a longer bob or a lob that can grow out a little before needing another trim. Are you prepared to spend a lot of time looking at styling tools? Your Job Does your job have a stated or even implied dress code? Those in more staid professional fields may want to stay away from wilder women’s undercuts or especially punky styles. If you’re in a more creative industry, you may be able to get away with a more extreme look! Let the hair of your coworkers and managers be your guide. Do they have similar styles to the one you’re getting? And if you aren’t sure, tell your boss you are considering x haircut and you want to make sure it’s office-appropriate before going through with it. Personal Style Choose something that won’t clash with or overwhelm your personal style, both makeup and clothes-wise. For the most part, if you like it and it’s flattering, that means it probably works with your style. But you should consider if you want to match your dress and makeup style or contrast against it. For example, if you’re a bold dresser, will you feel like you’re calling too much attention to yourself if you get a head-turning, razored pixie haircut? If yes, consider a simpler style like a classic bob. By contrast, if your style relies more on neutrals and classic structures, you might want to get a more textured and loose style to contrast, or a more austere style to match. Age You might think age is an important factor in what short haircut for women you choose, but it’s not. Women of all ages look fabulous with all different kinds of short cuts. Short hairstyles for older women can be fabulous! Just look at Dame Judi Dench, Tilda Swinton, Helen Mirren, and other older actresses: they show that short hairstyles for women over 50 are a definite do! Pick something that you like and that flatters you, and don’t worry so much about whether or not it’s age-appropriate. Some styles are timeless...and ageless. How Do I Find My Face Shape? Knowing the shape of your face is critical in choosing which of the short haircuts for women will flatter you the most. Face shape is primarily determined by the length and width of your face, your jawline, your cheeks, and your forehead. All face shapes are beautiful. But they tend to be suited to different hairstyles! Read the descriptions to see which face shape sounds the most like you. If you aren’t 100% sure, you could also consult some friends and family. If you’re still not sure, you can measure your face, although this probably isn’t necessary for most people. We’ve listed the six main face shapes following. Of course, not everyone fits squarely into one category- maybe your face is longer like an oblong face, but you have a strong jaw like a square face. In this case, take the advice from each description that best applies to your face and don’t get too hung up on fitting into one distinct â€Å"type.† Oval Face In an oval face, the forehead, cheekbones and jaw are of about equal width. Your face is about 1.5x longer than it is wide, and the line of your jaw is not particularly sharp. Almost any haircut flatters the oval face! Celebrities with oval faces: Olivia Munn, Jessica Biel, Beyoncà © Beyoncà © by Jennette F. Everett. Oblong or Long Face A long face is similar to the oval face, but your face is more than 1.6x longer than it is wide. People with long faces tend to have high foreheads. Women with long faces look great with bangs and can pull off styles with a lot of volume around the sides of their face. However, they aren’t as flattered by long, straight styles or anything with a lot of volume or height up top. Celebrities with oblong faces: Liv Tyler, Carrie Underwood, Kim Kardashian Carrie Underwood by Dephisticate. Round Face In a round face, the cheeks are the widest part of the face, and the line of the jaw is somewhat soft. The round face is also about as wide as it is long, or only a little longer than it is wide. Round faces look best in hairstyles that add volume at the crown or create length. The best short hairstyles for round faces won’t add too much volume at the sides of the face. Celebrities with round faces: Jennifer Lawrence, Ginnifer Goodwin, Chrissy Teigen Chrissy Teigen by David Shankbone. Diamond Face Like a round face, in a diamond face, the cheekbones are the widest part of the face. However, the diamond face has particularly defined cheekbones, as well as a tapering forehead and somewhat angular jaw. This face shape also tends to be longer than it is wide. Because of their smaller foreheads, diamond-faced ladies need to be careful with bangs as they can easily overwhelm the face. Styles that show off the cheekbones and aren’t too severe will be best for diamond faces. Celebrities with diamond faces: Ashley Greene, Anna Kendrick, Vanessa Hudgens Anna Kendrick by David Shankbone. Heart Face The heart-shaped face has a high, wide forehead and a narrower, sharp jaw (like a heart). Chin is pointed. This face shape is usually longer than it is wide. Short hairstyles for women that are softer around the sharp jawline, especially those with some volume around the jaw, are generally best for heart-shaped faces. Bangs are also often very flattering on this face shape. Celebrities with heart-shaped faces: Reese Witherspoon, Scarlett Johansson, Kerry Washington Scarlett Johansson by JCS. Square Face The square face has a strong jawline about the same width as the forehead. Square-faced ladies usually look best with softer or more delicate styles to provide a striking contrast against the angular lines of their faces. Those with square faces generally want to avoid cuts that end right at the jaw. Celebrities with square faces: Keira Knightley, Olivia Wilde, Lucy Liu Keira Knightley by Andrea Raffin. How Do I Find My Hair Texture? There are three facets to hair texture: hair thickness, hair density (i.e. amount of hair), and hair curl. Here’s how to determine each facet, and what you should consider when getting a short style. Note that you’ll want to wash your hair and let it air dry before you do this. You can use a towel, but don’t heat-style! You are trying to get at your natural texture. Hair Thickness Hair thickness refers to the thickness of the individual hair strands. To test this, take a dry strand of hair and rub it between your fingertips. If you can barely feel it, you have thin hair. If you can feel it a little, you have average-thickness hair. By contrast, if you can feel it easily, you have thick hair. You can also tell this somewhat from visibility- a thin strand of hair will be hard to see, while a thicker strand is much more visible. Thinner hair usually needs more layering to give it body and prevent it from looking limp. Thicker hair can get away with blunter cuts as it naturally has more body. Hair Density Hair density is essentially how many strands of hair are growing out of your head per square inch. To check this, look in a mirror. A magnified mirror is ideal but not necessary. Take a chunk of hair in your hands and move it around so you can see the roots from multiple angles. If you can see a lot of your scalp between hairs, that’s low-density hair. If you can’t see your scalp hardly at all, that’s high hair density. Most people fall somewhere in the middle. There will be some variation in different places on your scalp, so you may want to check a few different areas to get an idea of your hair density as a whole. Hair density, combined with hair thickness, is what makes your ponytail fat or not. In general more hair (ie more density) = a thicker ponytail, but the thickness of individual strands also plays into this. Fine, high-density hair may make a thinner ponytail than thick, medium-density hair, for example. If your hair is lower-density, a shorter style (think pixie) actually makes it look like you have more hair, so that’s something to consider. Hair Curl Oprah Winfrey’s stylist Andre Walker created the most popular curl typing system. It has been expanded by others to include two additional number/letter combinations, 3C and 4C. First, you’ll determine your number from 1-4, and then your letter from A-C. The number describes your hair’s curliness level, and the letter describes its thickness. 1s have naturally straight hair with no bend or pattern to the strands. 2s have wavy strands. 3s have S-shaped curls. 4s have tight S- or Z-shaped curls. â€Å"A† hair is fine, â€Å"B† hair is medium thickness, and â€Å"C† hair is thick. So if you have wavy hair with medium thickness, that’s a 2B. Embrace the curl! Here’s a chart describing hair texture for each number/letter combination. Choose the one that best describes you: A - fine B - medium C - thick 1 - straight 1A: hair is very straight, very fine, without a lot of volume 1B: hair is mostly straight and medium thickness 1C: hair is straight and thick and resists curling 2 - waves 2A: A slight wave that sticks close to the head. Hair is fine and not particularly voluminous. 2B: More defined waves than 2A; can get frizzy at the crown. Curl definition easily lost. 2C: Coarse waves and a few curls. Doesn’t hold heat styling well and curl definition is easily lost. 3 - curls 3A: loose curls, hold heat styling well. 3B: tighter, corkscrew curls 3C: Super-tight spiral curls 4 - tight curls and coils 4A: Very tightly coiled curls; high density but fine and fragile strands 4B: Z-shaped coils with less of a visible curl pattern; lots of volume; prone to shrinkage 4C: tightly kinked, Z-shaped curls with little visible curl pattern; high density and volume, prone to shrinkage The more texture your hair has, the more carefully you should select a stylist. If you have curly hair (3 or 4), find a stylist who specializes in your hair texture because they will know how best to cut it. They may even cut it dry, since curly hair loses so much length when it dries versus when it’s wet. 13 Short Haircuts for Women In this section, we’ll go over 13 short hairstyles for women, from the shortest, with pixie haircuts, to the longest, with lob hairstyles. We’ll discuss which cuts flatter which face shapes and hair textures and provide tips on styling and maintenance. Pixie Haircuts and Other Super-Short Haircuts for Women Very short hairstyles for women are still considered somewhat unusual for women. However, they are gaining popularity, and they are flattering for many people. They really show off the face and the eyes in particular. If you have long hair now, you may want to start with a bob and make sure you like that before committing to a pixie or other short haircut. Hair grows back, of course. But growing out a very short haircut can be awkward and take a long time. A note on face shape: women with oblong faces will generally look best with something a little longer, like a bob or lob. This allows for some volume at the sides of the face. All other face shapes have several options to choose from among the shortest cuts. Closely Shaved Ah, the closely shaved head- possibly the most low-maintenance style in the world. While many women think of this as a fairly extreme look for only the punkiest of women, a glance at Lupita above shows that it can also pair well with polished elegance. Looks best on: This is one of the most versatile short hairstyles for black women or other women with natural hair (especially types 3c-onward) as it really shows off the texture beautifully. Women with sparse, low-density hair who want to make it look denser and thicker might also consider going with a super-short cut. In terms of face shapes, theoretically any shape can look good in this cut, although square and oval faces are probably the easily flattered. If you want to know if you would look good with a shaved head, pull your hair back into a super-tight, slick, ponytail. If you like the way it looks, you can probably pull off a shaved head. Avoid if: If you don’t like the way you look with a super-tight ponytail or your hair slicked back close to your head, a very close shave probably isn’t going to work for you. You may also want to avoid if you have a particularly prominent forehead that you feel self-conscious about. (The key point here is how you feel about it- Lupita has a high forehead but she looks great with her super short cut!) Image credits: gcdgraphics/ Wikimedia, x1klima/Flickr Women's Undercut This is a bold undercut hairstyle. Women may be nervous to get an undercut, but it can be a very flattering, unique style! The key to an undercut for women is to keep the look from being too severe. While it’s possible to have an undercut with hair of any length, we’re talking about an a style with shaved sides and/or back and longer hair on top. This is a fairly bold style; women who work in more professional fields may want to avoid this undercut. Women should also be aware that this is a look that requires a decent amount of styling and maintenance, as the longer parts on top usually need some level of styling to either give volume (if hair is straight) or keep things a little bit tamed (if hair has some texture). You’ll also need frequent haircuts, because if the shaved/short sections start to get too long, the whole haircut will look weird. Looks best on: This style can work well on women with a round, oval, diamond, or heart-shaped face. This look is also one of the best short hairstyles for thick hair; it works well with hair types that have a little bit of texture and body. Thus, it can be a great look for hair types 2b-4 as the wave or curl in the long section really contrasts nicely with the tighter lines of the shaved section. This makes it a great look for short wavy hair. As Rihanna demonstrates, this is another very trendy short haircut for black women. Avoid if: Avoid this haircut if you have a long face shape. The volume up top will just make your face look longer. Additionally, the look can sometimes be too severe on women with square-shaped faces. Fine and/or straight hair will look very limp in this style unless you do a lot of styling. That’s something you should keep in mind. Image credits: Growinnc/ Flickr, oouinouin/Wikimedia True Pixie Cut The true pixie cut- think Natalie Portman during the 2006 awards show season- is short all over. It may be just barely longer on top than the sides, but is still a very short cut. Looks best on: This cut looks particularly good on square and oval faces. This is one of the best short hairstyles for fine hair and/or low-density hair; it’s lightweight and just a little product will give it enough body. Avoid if: A true pixie cut is probably not your best bet if your hair is curly (anything 3+). A looser curl will be unruly; a tighter curl may give you a bit of a Keri Russell circa 1999/poodle situation. Short pixie cuts also not the best bet for those with round faces or heart-shaped faces. The next cut (the long-on-top pixie haircut) will flatter these ladies more. Long and diamond faces may be able to pull off a true, short pixie cut, but it’s a risky proposition. Additionally, you may want to go for something with more volume if you have a small head or are very tall. Image credit: Joella Marano/Wikimedia Long-on-Top Pixie A long pixie cut with most of the length on top is one of the most versatile and flattering cuts that there is. The longer hair on top can be sideswept (a great look on almost all women!) or spiked up. It can be smooth and sleek or big and wild. It’s also a favorite celebrity cut- most celebrity pixie haircuts are actually this style as opposed to the true, tighter pixie. This is the Ginnifer Goodwin long pixie cut, and it’s gorgeous. Looks best on: This look is flattering to women with heart, diamond, oval, and square faces. It’s one of the best short haircuts for round faces. I told you it was versatile! In terms of hair texture, a bit of a wave will style best. Avoid if: This is another cut to avoid if you have a long or oblong face. The volume up top really won’t work well for you. For texture, looser curls may be suited to the long-on-top pixie cut (think Audrey Tatou), but tighter curls will still run into the Keri Russell/poodle issue. Also, fine hair may need a lot of extra styling in this style to give the longer pieces enough body and volume. Image credits: Tomdog/Wikimedia, NASA/Bill Ingalls/Wikimedia, Georges Board/Wikimedia Bob Hairstyles Now we move on to the hardworking bob haircut. There’s a bob cut to flatter pretty much every face shape and hair texture; it’s one of the most versatile short haircuts for women. The bob haircut can be styled into 1930s glamour or something sleek and straight. You can wear a long bob hairstyle up or down. Bring on the bob hairstyles! Super-Short Bob Hair This super-short bob haircut, sported above by Rinko Kikuchi and Carey Mulligan, is right on the border between being a bob cut and a pixie cut. It has a sculptural quality. It’s a fairly structured cut with a lot of layering to avoid flatness, and most of the volume occurs at cheekbone level or above. However, it doesn’t always have to be sleek like Kikuchi’s. Carey Mulligan’s is a much softer version of a similar cut, stacked with less volume on top than Kikuchi’s. Kristen Stewart has also sported similar but much messier styles. This is an unusual cut best for a fairly bold woman. Looks best on: Short bob hairstyles work well on heart, diamond, and oval shaped faces as it calls attention to the cheekbones. Fine to medium-thickness hair that’s straight or a wavy will style the best in this cut. Avoid if: Skip short bob haircuts if your face is oblong- the volume doesn’t fall in quite the right place. Round and square faces look overly circular in this cut. Additionally, hair that’s too curly or has too-thick strands will turn into a puffy pouf. Image credits: Queryzo/Wikimedia, Mark Kari/Wikimedia Messy, Layered Bob Hair (With or Without Bangs) This is one of the cutest short curly haircuts. A messy bob cut with some choppy layers throughout can look great with or without bangs. It’s a very easy, wash-and-go style with a lot of pizzazz. Looks best on: This is a style that can work with all face shapes with some slight tweaks to length, layering, and bangs! Heart-shaped and oblong faces should opt for bangs. Square and round faces will want to go a little longer than the jaw. Round faces should also consider a side part. Diamond and oval faces can get away with most iterations of this cut. In terms of texture, this is a great look for short wavy hair. The natural texture is really highlighted and flattered by the choppy layers. Avoid if: While any face shape can get away with this cut, hair texture is an important aspect of this style. Hair that’s too straight, particularly if it doesn’t hold a wave or curl well, will just look choppy, uneven, and limp. Image credits: GabboT/Wikimedia, Unknownbrowser/Wikimedia Classic Bob Haircut The classic bob cut hits around chin level or just below, is a similar length all around, and has a little bit of layering at the ends to give the cut some shape and lift. Looks best on: This look is best on oval, diamond, heart, and round faces. With a side part, this is one of the most flattering short hairstyles for round faces. This look will work best (and be lowest maintenance) on hair that’s mostly straight. Avoid if: This cut hits in the wrong place for a square face, and there’s not enough volume at the sides for an oblong face shape. Curly hair will need more layering and shaping than this cut provides or they risk looking heavy and boxy. Image credits: Pabian/Wikimedia, Pabian/Wikimedia Angled Bob Haircut The angled bob cut that’s longer in the front and shorter in the back is another really classic cut. You can vary how layered the sides and back are, the length in front, the amount of length change from front to back, the texture, and whether or not you want bangs. Looks best on: This is another cut that looks great on just about everyone with some adjustments. Round or square faces should go for a cut that ends just an inch or two below the jaw and without too much volume at the sides, to elongate the face. Heart-shaped faces should consider this look with bangs. Oblong faces will want the front to be on the shorter side (at or above the jaw) with lots of volume on the sides and a pretty short back. Curly-haired oblong ladies will look the best in this look. Diamond and oval faces look good in most iterations of this cut, although some diamond ladies may consider bangs to keep from getting lost in their own hair and to provide a framing effect. This also works for most hair textures. A curly look will have a lot of volume at the sides, but the shorter length and layering in the back will keep it from looking too heavy or boxy. The volume at the sides makes it one of the most flattering short curly hairstyles for oblong faces. Straighter hair looks sleek and cool in this style. Avoid if: No one needs to avoid this style; just customize accordingly. Image credits: mattbuck/Wikimedia, Kurt Kulac/Wikimedia, Mohamed Adel/Flickr Blunt Bob Cut With Bangs This look involves a fairly blunt cut along the chin or a little lower and some eyebrow-skimming bangs. On thicker hair, it shows off volume and texture, on finer hair, it creates an ethereal, wispy look. Looks best on: This look works the best on an oblong face- the bangs plus the blunt volume at the sides really works well with your features. An oval face would also look great in this cut. Avoid if: The width of this cut will not flatter round and square faces. Additionally, those with very curly hair (3b+) will likely find that a blunt cut looks very boxy. Image credit: Pabian/Wikimedia Lob Haircuts A lob haircut is a long bob cut. The term lob generally refers to any cut that goes more than a couple inches past the jawline all the way down to shoulder-skimming styles. They can be a great way to test the waters of short hairstyles for women before going for an even shorter cut. Blunt Lob Haircut One of the most popular long bob haircuts is a straight-across blunt cut just above shoulder level, with or without bangs. Looks best on: This lob haircut is great on oblong and heart-shaped faces with bangs. An oval face can also rock it without bangs. This is a good cut for hair that’s straight or has somewhat of a wave. Avoid if: Like the blunt bob haircut, this cut won’t be particularly flattering to square or round faces. Drew Barrymore, above, has a round face, but her dark dip-dyed ends draw the eye downward to create an elongating effect with this cut. And curly girls should go for a style with more shape. Image credits: Walterlan Papetti/Wikimedia, Eva Rinaldi/Wikimedia, Courtney/Wikimedia Messy, Shaggy Lob Haircut This versatile long bob cut plays up the hair’s natural texture through messy, piece-y layers. It’s especially striking with a side part. Looks best on: This is a great look for short wavy hair. It also works well on a very loose curl. Lots of face shapes can get away with this one with a little tweaking. Long faces should consider bangs and get more layers up top. Heart-shaped faces should consider bangs and let layers soften the jawline. Round, diamond and square faces should all opt for the side part. Oval shapes can wear this one pretty much however. Avoid if: If hair is very straight, layers will look choppy. Image credits: Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia, Christopher Simon/Wikimedia, Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Sleek Lob This sleek look is a pretty simple cut- a straight, smooth cut with just a little layering and weight removal at the ends to keep it light. Looks best on: Square, round, and oval faces will be flattered by the long, sleek lines of this look. Naturally straight hair shines here; this is one of the easiest short hairstyles for fine hair. Avoid if: This look won’t work very well with long faces as it may have an elongating effect. Diamond faces may look too severe behind a straight-cut curtain of hair. Hair also needs to be naturally straight or hold straight styles well. Image credits: NASA/Joel Kowsky/Wikimedia Layered Lob Haircut The layered lob is an elegant cut with a lot of shape and body. Smooth layers frame the face and give the cut volume and movement. Looks best on: This is one of the most versatile short layered haircuts as it can be adjusted for almost any style and face shape. Oblong faces should opt for shorter layers that add volume around the face, while round and square faces will look best in longer layers. Diamond and heart-shaped faces should consider a side-parted style. As per usual, oval faces can get away with pretty much anything. Avoid if: A pronounced wave or curl that’s resistant to heat styling may not work best in this look. Image credits: Renan Katayama/Wikimedia, Pabian/Wikimedia Tips for Getting a Short Haircut at the Salon Because short hair is less common on women, there are a couple of key tips to make sure your short haircut appointment goes smoothly. Research the Stylist Make sure the stylist you select has experience with both the cut type you want and your hair texture. If you’re going for a pixie, it’s probably not the time to go to a stylist who specializes in long, layered cuts. And especially if you have curly hair, it’s important that the stylist knows the proper techniques for cutting your hair texture. Otherwise, short curly hairstyles can end up looking very poodle-esque! To find a stylist, you can look online. I also recommend asking people whose hair you admire and want to emulate! Go In for a Consultation Many salons will allow you to come in for a free consultation before committing to the cut. This is a good idea as it will allow you to see if you vibe with the stylist and if you are on the same page in terms of what would look good with your hair. Be clear on how much maintenance and styling you are prepared to do, and listen to suggestions! It’s your hair and you should please yourself, but stylists are also trained to know what would look the best with your features. So if they suggest some adjustments, consider them. Bring a Picture Any time you are making a drastic hair change, you should bring photos whenever you talk to your stylist about what you want your hair to look like. So bring photos to your consultation, and to your haircut appointment. This will help your stylist know exactly what look you are going for and keep you on the same page. Make sure the stylist knows how short you want to go! How to Create Cute, Easy Hairstyles for Short Hair Once you’ve got this fancy new short cut, what can you do with it? This is a little bit constrained by how long it is. A lob haircut, for example, can still go into braided styles and updos, while a pixie cut can’t. However, here are a few things any short haired gal can do to play around with her look. We discuss some cute hairstyles for short hair in this section. Put in Some Product! Putting in some product to give more volume, a slightly different texture, etc, can give you a really different look. Pomade gives a piecey look to short hairstyles for women; some mousse and a little gel or hairspray will allow you to get height at the crown. For longer short haircuts, a salt spray gives beachy texture while a serum smooths. Experiment with different texturizing and smoothing products to see what you like best! Halle Berry by German Marin. Switch up the Texture With Heat Those with the shortest women’s short haircuts may not have an easy time doing this, but bobs and lobs can get a really different look with a blow dryer, a flat iron, or a curling iron. If you’ve got some curls, try ironing it straight. If you’re on the straighter side, try some big-barrel hollywood curls. This is an especially great option for special occasions, when you want to create a lot of oomph and wow. Marion Cotillard by Nicolas Genin. Use Cute Hair Accessories and Hats Headbands, barrettes, bows, bobby pins, and clips can make really cute short hairstyles. Because there’s less hair, accessories really stand out. Also, short hair is great for hats. Switching Up the Part Sometimes, all you need for a new look is to switch up your part! Making a deeper side part, moving from the middle to the side, or switching sides can all give you a fresh look without too much effort. Experiment and see what you like! Short Hair for Women: The Bottom Line Going short can be a bold, stylish, and empowering move for many women. Women with any age and style look great in shorter styles. The most important part of short hair for women is choosing the right style for you. You'll want to consider what will flatter your face shape and hair texture, how much time you have for styling and maintenance, and how you need to dress for work. You can go supershort with a pixie-like style, keep it around chin-length with a bob, or go past the chin with a long bob. When picking a stylist, be sure that they have experience with your hair type and that they have done the kind of cut you want before. And be willing to listen to their expertise! Overall, while a short haircut for women can be a bold move, it doesn't have to be a risky one! If you choose your cut and stylist carefully, you can be assured of a flattering, fun result.

Google experience in different country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Google experience in different country - Essay Example Some countries, though, do not have preference to access it for different reasons, ranging from cultural heritage and leading technology. For instance, Google France, German and Japan contested Google’s applications including its ability to address censorship and prolific advertisements. Likewise, these countries contest the use of digitalise books from American universities, which are actually supported by the American culture. To counter unprecedented Google dominance in the global sphere, each country created their own search engine with appropriate government investment. In France, the Franco- Germen project Quaero ensued in 2005.Then, in 2007, the Germans decided to develop their own project, Theseus. Finally in Japan, the Grand Voyage Project was developed in 2005 in response to the needs of the local population. All projects contained more visual imagines to beat Google; however, these countries’ investments are not substantial when compare to Google’s fin ancial base. Google analysed the situation and put a lot of effort to adapt to the unique and sensitive cultural elements in order not to lose its global market share. The organization continues improving technology and invests in R&D centres around the world. Google learned from the past and evolving experiences with France, German and Japan that there is a strong need to adapt business practices in a host country to integrate values, norms and preferences imbibed in culture and to consider various government regulations. Introduction Google Inc., based in America, was created by two brilliant Stanford University PHD students Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998. Since then, Google has exhibited unprecedented growth by providing dozen of services and products, like fast and simple search engine, maps, web, communication and publishing, advertizing and many more. When Google used a Ranking system technology, the system not only looked for keywords, but also searched results based on t he popularities and numbers of other web sites that were linked to the page. Google launched its IPO in 2004 that offered a 23 billion value market. Today, Google is one of the biggest company in a country with a value market of about 200 billion. http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2011/11/03/groupon-is-the-biggest-internet-ipo-since-google/ The money Google makes is from two main source ads (21 billion of revenue in 2008) and selling technology to other sites. When users look for some information in the Google website they can see organic result and advertisements (sponsored links). Through 2001 to November 2011, Google made about 105 acquisitions, including the video sharing service YouTube, and online advertising company,By 2000, Google became the world’s largest search engine with billion-page index where users could search information in 10 different languages. Remarkably today, they offer their applications in 150 languages and dialects. 1.Q. How does a search engine work and m ake money? The search engine of Google is a powerful tool. Google uses a special algorithm to generate search